负二项分布及条件概率封闭性的研究

给出了负二项分布的若干性质并对其条件概率封闭性进行了研究。     

体育商品广告的劝服效应与消费者心理机制研究

体育商品广告的劝服效应受消费者心理机制的直接影响。消费者处理体育商品广告信息的心理过程分为边缘路径和中枢路径。其中,边缘路径在消费者的“动机-能力-机会”心理指标较低时效应较为明显,中枢路径在“动机-能力-机会”心理指标较高时效应较为明显。与此相对应的是两种基本的体育商品广告的诉求方式。一是以感性诉求方式对体育消费者施加心理暗示;一是以理性诉求方式满足消费者既存的认知期待。不同体育商品要根据目标消费群体的心理机制的差异确定综合的诉求方式。     

对安徒生及其童话的再认识(下)

本文以作者拥有的新依据对四篇H.C.Andersen的童话代表作出新颖独到的分析；并阐述Andersen童话的特点除了饱蕴诗意和幽默之外，温暖的人道主义和童话细节描写，文学语言的丰富多彩与成功运用也是其重要特点。     

试析中共“一大”代表王尽美的历史贡献

王尽美短暂的27年人生对党和国家做出巨大的历史贡献:积极投身五四运动,是山东学生界最杰出的领袖;积极传播马克思主义,是传播马克思主义的先驱;以济南共产主义小组代表的身份出席中共"一大",他是中国共产党的创始人之一;他是山东工人运动的创始人,也是中共早期工人运动的领袖;第一次国共合作时期,积极支持并正确执行党的统一战线的策略。     

民事公益诉讼的提起主体——以民事诉讼法修正案草案为视角

公益诉讼的提起主体是关于谁有资格提起公益诉讼的问题,讨论公益诉讼的提起主体时,必须弄清楚公益的概念和范围,以及提起公益诉讼的诉讼形式,在此基础上的得出的结论才有科学性。民事诉讼法修正案草案正是在这些基础上确定公益诉讼提起主体的,虽然将个人排除了出去,但是并没有不妥。     

论我国公司法上的股东代表诉讼制度

近年来,我国大股东、董事、监事及高级管理人员滥权侵犯公司和中小股东的现象日益严重.为了弥补公司治理结构的缺陷及其他救济方法的不足,更好的保护广大中小股东的利益,我国引入了股东代表诉讼制度.在与其他国家该制度的比较分析中,可以看出我们的很多设计是十分合理且舍乎我国国情的.然而,目前的规定在诉前请求程序、原告败诉时的责任分担、诉讼费用及激励机制等方面还有待完善.本文对此进行了阐述并提出了相应的建议.     

Reliability of a Novel Badminton Intermittent Exercise Protocol

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Badminton is a sport characterized by high-intensity activity interspersed with short rests requiring specific physiological fitness, skills and game tactics. This study aimed to develop, describe and establish the reliability of a novel badminton intermittent exercise protocol, to simulate singles match-play (Part A) and assess match-fitness (Part B). Method: Twelve well-trained male badminton players performed a two-part protocol, mimicking the demands and activity of match-play, on two occasions with at least 72-h recovery. Part A imitated match-play and consisted of 40 stages alternating between 20 s work – receiving shuttlecocks from a launcher and ghosting (simulated) actions – and 40 s rest. Part B was an open-ended period, challenging match-fitness, designed to exhaust participants within 10 min. Physiological responses (heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion) (Part A and B) and time to exhaustion (Part B) were determined both times. Results: There were no differences in performance and physiological responses between trials (p > .05). The protocol demonstrated excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.89) for all variables. Time to exhaustion (Part B) was 198 ± 98 s and 194 ± 82 s, respectively. Mean (Part A) and peak (Part B) heart rates were 166 ± 9; 191 ± 8 b?min^?1 and 166 ± 9; 191 ± 7 b?min^?1 and blood lactate concentrations (Part B) 11.8 ± 2.3 and 11.5 ± 2.1 mmol?l^?1 for trials 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion: The protocol reliably induces match-like responses and can be used to assess match-fitness for training/research purposes.     

中国省级人大与特区立法会组织运行之比较分析

我国的省级人民代表大会和特区的立法会是代议机关的两种称谓,同属地方立法机关。“一国两制”由伟大构想到在香港、澳门地区的成功实践,丰富了当代中国国家根本政治制度的内涵：在社会主义中国的人民代表大会制度中融入了资本主义议会制性质的特区立法会制度。在坚持人民代表大会根本政治制度的前提下,通过对两种类型的地方代议机关进行比较可以发现,两者可以相互借鉴、相互补充,对推动我国政治制度建设的不断发展和完善具有一定的启示意义。     

参与民主在欧盟的兴起及其理论反思

20世纪90年代中期以来,在消弭欧盟民主赤字的尝试中,欧盟机构实现了对公民社会价值的重新发现,<欧盟宪法条约>以及后来的<里斯本条约>写入了有关参与民主原则的表述.本文指出,欧盟有关参与民主的讨论与实践具有两个显著特征:其一,欧盟关注的不是每个公民的直接参与,而是通过公民社会组织实现的间接参与;其二,欧盟不是把参与作为面向单个公民的内在价值,而是把参与作为提高复杂治理机制中的问题解决能力的一种工具.正是这些特征决定了在欧盟这个特殊构成体中,参与民主只应且只能是代议制民主的补充,而非替代.     

Helping coaches apply the principles of representative learning design: validation of a tennis specific practice assessment tool

Representative Learning Design (RLD) is a framework for assessing the degree to which experimental or practice tasks simulate key aspects of specific performance environments (i.e. competition). The key premise being that when practice replicates the performance environment, skills are more likely to transfer. In applied situations, however, there is currently no simple or quick method for coaches to assess the key concepts of RLD (e.g. during on-court tasks). The aim of this study was to develop a tool for coaches to efficiently assess practice task design in tennis. A consensus-based tool was developed using a 4-round Delphi process with 10 academic and 13 tennis-coaching experts. Expert consensus was reached for the inclusion of seven items, each consisting of two sub-questions related to (i) the task goal and (ii) the relevance of the task to competition performance. The Representative Practice Assessment Tool (RPAT) is proposed for use in assessing and enhancing practice task designs in tennis to increase the functional coupling between information and movement, and to maximise the potential for skill transfer to competition contexts.