论文发表系统:完备分类与中长期格局演化

[目的/意义]互联网时代出现看多种新论文发表系统,对多种论文发表系统之间逻辑分类关系以及彼此之间的中长期格局演化进行讨论。[方法/过程]从论文发表系统对一篇论文是否进行评议、评议是否分级、是否拒稿3个维度提出论文交流系统分类框架,将期刊、预印本、F1000 Research、在线评级平台4种论文发表系统全部统一在一个分类框架中。另外,基于研究者与研究管理部门对论文交流系统的不同需求,定性分析了论文交流系统的中长期演化格局。[结果/结论]中长期看,在线评级平台将对期刊系统形成明显冲击,期刊内部两极分化。     

Sustainable career development for R&D professionals: Applying a career development system in Basque country

The goal of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a career development system implemented at a research and technology organization at satisfying the context requirements of a decree issued by the Basque Country government. Through in-depth surveying of 80 R&D professionals over the five years, the authors aimed to determine whether a career development system, when it is linked to context requirements and researchers’ contributions, could offer researchers feedback about their career aims and increase their job satisfaction. During the five years of the study, the researchers’ capacity to meet career requirements improved by 20%, and job satisfaction, although it declined at first, increased substantially in the last two years, reaching a historic high for the employee satisfaction survey.     

展开式变奏在勃拉姆斯《D大调小提琴协奏曲》中的创作技法研究

文章通过对勃拉姆斯《D大调小提琴协奏曲》的详细剖析,从主题构建、呈示部创作、全曲整合多角度分析阐述展开式变奏在特定作品中的实际运用,并探析在这首作品中展开式变奏所呈现的独特创作技法,为研究勃拉姆斯创作手法中的创新性提供一定的参考。     

基于MIP-SLA的叶片陶瓷型芯光固化成型技术

为解决航空发动机空心涡轮叶片陶瓷型芯的3D打印难题,研究基于图像投影的复杂结构陶瓷型芯光固化成型（mask-image projection stereolithography,MIP-SLA）方法。搭建MIP-SLA工艺系统平台,对陶瓷浆料的制备和打印工艺参数的配置进行研究。分析利用球磨机将光敏树脂和陶瓷颗粒进行混合制备陶瓷浆料时,光敏树脂类型、固相含量、陶瓷颗粒粒径、分散剂含量和球磨时间对陶瓷浆料性能的影响。对不同配置参数下的打印效果进行对比分析,对确定的最佳打印工艺参数进行打印效果验证。     

基于馆校合作的美国教师教育课程探索及挑战

美国馆校合作教师教育课程是回应美国教育改革要求、变革传统教师教育模式以及深化馆校合作关系等各种因素综合作用的结果.美国大学和场馆在合作中探索和开发了具有不同特色的课程模式,研究将其分为场馆在线课程模式、场馆现场课程模式以及混合课程模式三种类型,并从课程规划与设计、课程内容、授课模式、课程管理、课程评估以及课程文化等不同...     

Between-limb differences in running technique induces asymmetric negative joint work during running

Negative work, which is mainly generated by eccentric muscle contraction, has an important influence on the associated muscle damage. Generally, mechanical parameters are determined for one side of a lower extremity on the assumption of negligible between-limb differences. However, between-limb differences in the negative work of lower extremity joints during running remain unclear. This study examines between-limb differences in negative work and associated mechanical parameters during the contact phase of running. Twenty-five young adult males voluntarily participated in this study. Each participant was asked to run on a straight runway at a speed of 3.0?m?s^?1. Negative work, amplitude, duration of negative power, moment, and angular velocity were computed for both sides of the lower extremities. Significant differences were found in negative work between limbs for the hip (18.9?±?11.7%), knee (13.6?±?10.4%), and ankle (11.8?±?8.5%) joints. For the hip joint, asymmetric negative work was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude of negative power owing to a corresponding difference in the moment. The between-limb differences concerning the duration and amplitude of negative power could explain the asymmetric negative work in the knee joint. The asymmetric negative work of the ankle joint was attributable to the between-limb difference in the amplitude and duration of the negative power and the moment. These results indicate that asymmetric negative work was generated in each lower extremity joint; however, the major mechanical parameters corresponding to the negative work are not the same across the joints.     

一种机载重轨InSAR高精度三维定位方法

在重轨干涉实际测量中,两次飞行航迹难以保持高度重合,飞行高度和姿态不稳定,干涉图像对存在明显不规则的相对形变,难以进行三维定位。通过分析重轨机载InSAR图像对的几何形变和形成原因,提出一种从精准的InSAR成像几何关系出发,通过修正成像参数,实现机载重轨InSAR高精度三维定位的方法。该方法通过引入地面控制点,实现干涉图像对精准的相对定位,生成高精度DEM;并利用高精度DEM,实现机载重轨InSAR高精度三维定位。对比检查点实测结果和定位结果,表明该方法可有效地解决机载重轨InSAR的三维定位困难的问题。     

Injectable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold as rapid stem cell assembly template for cartilage repair

Cartilage injuries are often devastating and most cannot be cured because of the intrinsically low regenerative capacity of cartilage tissues. Although stem-cell therapy has shown enormous potential for cartilage repair, the therapeutic outcome has been restricted by low survival rates and poor chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we report an injectable hybrid inorganic (IHI) nanoscaffold that facilitates fast assembly, enhances survival and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. IHI nanoscaffolds that strongly bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins assemble stem cells through synergistic 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, creating a favorable physical microenvironment for stem-cell survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, chondrogenic factors can be loaded into nanoscaffolds with a high capacity, which allows deep, homogenous drug delivery into assembled 3D stem-cell-derived tissues for effective control over the soluble microenvironment of stem cells. The developed IHI nanoscaffolds that assemble with stem cells are injectable. They also scavenge reactive oxygen species and timely biodegrade for proper integration into injured cartilage tissues. Implantation of stem-cell-assembled IHI nanoscaffolds into injured cartilage results in accelerated tissue regeneration and functional recovery. By establishing our IHI nanoscaffold-templated 3D stem-cell assembly method, we provide a promising approach to better overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment associated with cartilage injuries and to advance current stem-cell-based tissue engineering.     

美国在网络主权问题上的立场变化及启示

[目的/意义]在网络空间这个新颖而又无处不在的领域中,主权原则如何运作一直是国家实践和学界理论研究中的硬核问题。厘清美国在该问题上的立场变化对我国参与网络空间国际治理具有积极意义。[方法/过程]利用历史分析法、文献研究法和对比分析法对美国《情报活动中的国际法律问题评估》(1999年)、《网络行动国际法塔林手册2.0》和《在军事行动中使用网络能力的国际法框架》(2017年)进行法律考察。[结果/结论]研究表明,为应对美国在网络主权问题上的立场转变,我国应坚持领土主权原则的拘束力,平等地尊重各国网络主权,并积极参与网络空间国际规则制定的实践,推动网络空间命运共同体理念的国际法构建。     

P企业规模、研发强度、资助强度与政府科技资助的绩效关系研究——基于浙江民营科技企业的实证研究/P P /P P/FONT /P

政府科技资助的绩效已经引起国内外学者的极大关注。本文基于文献研究,建立影响企业R&D投入的实证模型,采用浙江省民营科技企业数据,测度了政府科技资助对企业R&D投入的影响。进一步,分别从企业规模、研发强度、资助强度等不同视角研究政府科技资助的激励效应,探索政府科技资助的激励机理,研究发现：政府科技资助对企业滞后一年的R&D投入有显著促进作用;企业规模越大,政府科技资助激励效果越好;政府科技资助强度越大,激励效果越好;企业研发强度影响政府科技资助激励企业R&D投入。