Investigation and conservation of Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen's wax models

Abstract

The Danish sculptor Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen (1863–1945) often prepared three-dimensional models in wax before producing her works of art. The Carl Nielsen Museum in Odense keeps a unique collection of around 200 of the artist's fragile wax models. In 2008 the entire collection was examined, documented, X-ray radiographed, photographed, and conserved. Analyses of five figurines by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed two different kinds of wax mixtures, one containing beeswax and potato or maize starch as filler, and the other consisting of gypsum, zinc stearate, and a greasy substance. During the examination a specific deterioration phenomenon was noticed in the areas where the wax models had been strengthened with internal metal armatures. A chemical reaction between the wax mixture and the copper containing armature has caused an intense greenish colouring of the wax as well as creating a soft and almost liquid consistency and formation of copper(II) carboxylate salts. Based on an original recipe from Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen, a replica of one of the wax mixtures was produced and examined with respect to its infrared spectrum and its modelling properties.     

激光扫描速度及激光功率对制件精度的影响

在粉末激光烧结快速成型技术工艺中,激光功率及扫描速度对成型质量有着非常重要的影响.本文主要分析了不同激光功率及扫描速度下烧结出的金属制件,测量其体积变化,从而得出最佳的工艺参数值.     

Application of reflected light microscopy for non-invasive wood identification of marquetry furniture and small wood carvings

Wood identification is a basic information that should interest any wooden artefact. This typically involves invasive sampling, but sometimes sampling is unattainable either because of the object typology or because it is difficult to obtain authorizations. In the present study, reflected light microscopy potential as a non-invasive identification tool for wooden cultural artefacts is assessed on a number of marquetry furniture and small wood carvings. In more than one half of the 13 examined cases accurate wood identification was possible, while the remaining cases yielded information of diagnostic value, making it possible to exclude several potential candidate species. In a number of cases the use of optical filters improved the visibility of character states. Shape and orientation of surfaces influenced the visibility of microscopic characters. The study confirms that reflected light microscopy is a valuable tool for non-invasive wood identification. In many cases it is able to support accurate identification, in others it can anyway provide important information, useful to help decision about supposed species, or to limit the invasiveness of possible further analysis by addressing them on specific features.     

You have e-mail,what happens next? Tracking the eyes for genre

This paper reports on an approach to the analysis of form (layout and formatting) during genre recognition recorded using eye tracking. The researchers focused on eight different types of e-mail, such as calls for papers, newsletters and spam, which were chosen to represent different genres. The study involved the collection of oculographic behavior data based on the scanpath duration and scanpath length based metric, to highlight the ways in which people view the features of genres. We found that genre analysis based on purpose and form (layout features, etc.) was an effective means of identifying the characteristics of these e-mails.     

三维激光扫描点位误差源分析

目前对三维激光扫描的分析主要停留在误差模型的建立上,没有对三维激光扫描仪的特点及其所受的误差进行分析,而三维激光扫描仪的系统误差和偶然误差都将会对整个误差模型的建立产生影响,点位误差源的准确分析是点位准确建立点位误差模型的基础。基于此,本文对三维激光扫描仪的点位误差源进行了分析,得到了不同误差源的误差模型,并给出了不同条件可能对激光扫描仪误差影响的大小。     

表界面分子自组装与调控

表界面分子自组装与调控是分子科学研究的前沿课题之一。研究表界面分子组装与调控有助于深入理解对分子吸附、分子间相互作用和吸附组装结构等科学问题,有助于发展新型纳米材料,制备新型纳米器件。本文以本课题组近年研究工作为主,介绍利用扫描隧道显微技术研究固体表面分子吸附组装以及如何调控分子组装结构的部分结果,包括分子吸附,主客体分子组装,组装结构调控等内容,并分析展望了该研究领域的发展趋势。     

The development and assessment of an online microscopic anatomy laboratory course

Increasing enrollment in post‐secondary institutions across North America, along with an increase in popularity of and demand for distance education is pressuring institutions to offer a greater number and variety of courses online. A fully online laboratory course in microscopic anatomy (histology) which can be taught simultaneously with a face‐to‐face (F2F) version of the same course has been developed. This full year course was offered in the Fall/Winter (FW) terms in both F2F and online formats. To ensure that the online course was of the same quality as the F2F format, a number of performance indicators were evaluated. The same course, offered exclusively online during the summer with a compressed time frame, was also evaluated. Senior undergraduate students self‐selected which version of the course they would enroll in. Course assessment outcomes were compared while incoming grades were used as a predictor for course performance. There were no significant differences between the incoming grades for the F2F FW and Online FW courses; similarly, there were no significant differences between outcomes for these formats. There were significant differences between the incoming grades of the F2F FW and Summer Online students. However, there were no significant differences among any of the outcomes for any of the formats offered. Incoming grades were strong, significant predictors of course performance for both formats. These results indicate that an online laboratory course in microscopic anatomy is an effective format for delivering histology course content, therefore giving students greater options for course selections. Anat Sci Educ 6: 246–256. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

过度训练大鼠肠粘膜超微结构、MDA和IgA变化的研究

为阐明过度训练时肠粘膜免疫屏障结构和功能的变化及其机制。采用建立一般训练和过度训练大鼠模型 ,应用形态学手段结合免疫组化和图像分析方法 ,对训练后两组大鼠肠道粘膜的超微结构、脂质过氧化反应产物丙二醛 (MDA)含量和粘膜IgA的产生及含量作定位和定量研究。结果表明 ,第 4周末 ,一般训练组和过度训练组大鼠肠道粘膜的超微结构、MDA含量和粘膜IgA水平未见异常改变。但是第 8周末过度训练组电镜下见肠道粘膜超微结构明显改变 ,MDA含量明显升高 ;第 8周末 ,IgA浆细胞计数及其平均吸光度 ,以及粘液IgA水平均显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结果提示过度训练可以引起肠道粘膜和IgA屏障结构改变 ,这些改变可能与肠粘膜脂质过氧化反应增加有关     

过度训练状态下大鼠心肌线粒体病理性变化的研究

为了研究过度训练状态下心肌组织损害的变化规律,采用建立一般训练和过度训练大鼠模型,应用形态学手段和分子生化技术,对训练后两组大鼠心肌线粒体内钙含量、脂质过氧化反应产物丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、心肌组织匀浆内酸性磷酸酶(Acid Phosphatase,ACP)和β葡萄糖醛酸酶(Beta-glucuronidase,Beta-GLU)、磷脂酶A2(PLA2)等指标做了定位和定量研究.结果表明,第4周末,一般训练组和过度训练组大鼠心肌线粒体内钙含量、MDA和GSH-px、SOD、PLA2活性和心肌ACP、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的活性未见异常改变(P＞0.05).但是第8周末,过度训练组心肌线粒体内钙、MDA含量和PLA2活性明显升高,GSH含量和SOD活性明显降低;第8周末,心肌ACP和β-葡萄糖醛酸酶明显增加.结果显示过度训练后心肌线粒体的结构和功能发生了明显变化,这些变化是引起过度训练状态下心肌损伤的主要原因.