浅谈公共部门战略变革的障碍与对策

对公共部门战略变革的障碍进行分析,有助于公共部门顺利地进行战略变革.公共部门战略变革的障碍主要表现为利益障碍、观念障碍、行为习惯障碍、沟通障碍、素质障碍、人才障碍六个方面,为消除障碍,公共部门应积极协调各方利益,建立远景规划;抛弃陈旧观念、调整组织理念;制造变革危机,改变行为习惯;加强变革沟通,营造和谐气氛;加强素质教育,提高综合素质;建立人才系统,健全激励机制;采取有效措施,创建新型文化.     

德国部门预算管理经验对我国的借鉴

德国的部门预算管理在提高政府资金的使用效益、控制支出总量方面取得了良好效果。目前,我国正在构建公共财政体制,而部门预算是其中一个重要的环节。学习和借鉴德国的成功经验,对于我国部门预算改革有着重要的意义。     

我国公立高等学校法人制度的问题及其改革

高等学校法人制度以高等学校的基本组织属性为价值基础,应当是一项契合高等学校自主性和公共性的法律制度,其内部价值冲突的整合模式包括自主性本位、公共性本位以及自主性和公共性冲突整合三种。我国高等学校法人制度在价值基础方面选择了自主性本位整合模式,并呈现出市场自主性的偏向。其问题表现为:缺乏高等学校自主运转的必要保障机制安排,导致保障高等学校自主性的制度目标未能达成;忽视高等学校的公共机构身份,导致高等学校公共性危机的产生。对其进行改革的应然选择是建立第三部门视野下的高等学校法人制度。     

Information-Sector Growth in Market and Nonmarket Economies: A Comparative Case Study

The purpose of this study is to identify factors that have led to the emergence of information activities in the global labor force. An analysis of the predominant theoretical perspectives on the development of the information society indicates that a comparison of the development of the information work force in countries that have experienced industrialization under different socioeconomic systems is needed. Finland and Poland are selected as the representatives of a market economy and a centrally planned economy. The results indicate that the information work forces of Finland and Poland have experienced similar patterns of growth over the time period examined. However, the distribution of the work force across different economic sectors differs by socioeconomic system. It is concluded that factors relating to industrialization have played the primary role in the emergence of the information work force and that this emergence may take multiple paths in developing.     

The strategic importance of information policy for the contemporary neoliberal state: The case of Open Government Data in the United Kingdom

The article analyses the role of Open Government Data policy as part of the broader public policy agenda of the UK government. A thematic analysis of interview, observational and policy documentation is presented which suggests that since 2010 the Open Government Data agenda has been used strategically by the UK's centre-right coalition government to progress a range of controversial policies, which are aimed at the continuation of the neoliberal form of state through its current crisis. Specifically, the relationship between Open Government Data policy and the neoliberal objectives of the marketisation of public services and privatisation of public assets, the leveraging of financial markets and the pharmaceutical industry, and the embedding of OGD into a broader agenda aimed at rebuilding trust in political elites are analysed. These findings are examined in relation to Braman's (2006, 2011) arguments regarding the strategic implementation of information policy by Governments in the exercising of state power, and the development of the ‘informational state’.     

中国所有制结构变迁与部门工资差距问题——基于中国微观家计调查数据的实证分析

不同所有制部门间的工资差距是近年来中国收入差距现象中的一个显著维度,国有与非国有部门在不同时期,经历了由折价到溢价的工资差距现象,构成了其中一个典型特征。但由于进入国有部门者与非国有部门者可能存在系统性差异,所有制性质在多大程度上可解释二者工资差异存在质疑。本文从工资决定因素分析的视角,通过Treatment-effects模型校正样本自选择偏差,利用CHNS数据分析中国部门工资决定中各因素的影响,尤其是所有制性质对部门工资差距的影响。基于1993-2006年CHNS数据的实证分析表明,部门性质对部门工资差距具有显著的影响,这种影响呈现出由折价向溢价转换的分阶段特征,表现出了较强的政策与体制相关性。     

Environmental innovations in services: Manufacturing–services integration and policy transmissions

This paper investigates the relevant factors behind the almost unexplored realm of environmental innovation in services, using a dataset of 8161 Italian service firms. Specifically, we test whether manufacturing-services integration matters for environmental innovations. In addition, taking account for the heterogeneity of the service industries, we analyse whether environmental policies for manufacturing transmit ‘induced innovation’ effects to services. Our findings show that: (i) the drivers of environmental innovations related to carbon abatement and energy efficiency differ across industries, and (ii) cooperation, training, environmental management systems and public funding play key roles in these processes. The integration of services and manufacturing through push and pull-effects, and the environmental policy transmission effect from manufacturing to services, generally do not seem to have a positive impact on the diffusion of environmental innovations.     

Legitimising inequality? The governance of ‘Others’ through participatory initiatives in schools

This article discusses how the call for families’ active participation in school can be understood as a form of regulatory act producing neoliberal subjectivities based on responsibility, entrepreneurship and rational calculation. The analysis draws on the results of two projects aiming to improve the relationship between families of Spanish Roma and immigrant background and the school. Results suggest that the idea of participation is presented as an element for the transformation of the schools. Nevertheless, the programmes are implemented without questioning the power structure present in school, and so put even more responsibility on the families, and make more visible their supposed deficits. Approaching participation as a key feature of neoliberal governmentality, our analysis highlights how these participatory initiatives foster a type of assimilationist diversity approach and legitimise the existing status quo in schools.     

An inductive model of technological progress

It is one of the paradoxes of our age that, while new information technologies have provided us with the ability to store, retrieve, manipulate and communicate more data, faster than ever before, at the same time many of our public institutions seem to be losing their memories. Many texts have been written about 'organizational learning', but few about organizational forgetting. The core contention of this paper is that the phenomenon of organizational amnesia deserves attention, from scholars and practitioners alike. My aim, therefore, is to set out the character, causes and likely consequences of institutional memory loss in the contemporary public sector.     

Outsourcing the State’s responsibilities? Third Sector Organizations supporting migrant families’ participation in schools in Catalonia and London

Based on two case studies of Third Sector Organizations (TSOs) working with schools and parents in Catalonia and London, this paper aims to discuss some of the implications of ‘participative’ programmes aimed at involving those migrant families seen by schools as ‘hard to reach’. First, we describe how an ambiguous notion of participation can shift responsibilities to families and leave internal school practices free from critical gaze. Second, we focus on the complexities and tensions involved in the process of partnering TSOs with schools because of the bureaucratic nature of educational institutions and unresolved conflicts of interests and responsibilities. Finally, we argue that the potential of these initiatives were limited and diluted by being stand-alone and time-limited. Our analysis suggests that, in spite of their apparent success, they ended up being part of powerful authorising narratives that justify the outsourcing of public services and the abdication of the State’s responsibilities.