绿色硝化反应催化剂的研究进展

硝化反应是重要的有机反应,为替代传统工艺而进行的催化剂的研究成为该领域的热点.本文综述了近年来芳香族化合物的绿色硝化反应催化剂(固体酸和离子液体)的研究进展,简要评论了这些方法的特点.并展望了绿色硝化的研究方向.     

高效液相色谱法快速测定饮料中苯甲酸的方法研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了饮料中的苯甲酸含量,建立了快速测定苯甲酸的方法.色谱条件为:流动相体系为甲醇与乙酸铵溶液(0.02mol/L),体积比为5:95,流速为1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为230 n m,柱温为25℃,进样体积为10μL.采用外标法定量,在5～100μg/ml范围内,回归方程相关系数为0.99999,检出限为0.38μg/mL.饮料中苯甲酸的加标回收率在97.80%～102.41%.按上述色谱条件平行测定样品5次,峰面积相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.1357%.说明方法的精密度高,重现性良好.     

Science Letters:Dechlorination mechanism of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid

To understand the feasibility of its application to the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater, the dechlori-nation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid (HA) was investigated. We found that, as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used, the 2,4-DCP was first quickly reduced to o-chlorophenol (o-CP) andp-chlorophenol (p-CP), and then reduced to phenol as the final product. Our experimental results indicated that HA had an adverse effect on the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles, as the HA concentration increased, the removal rate decreased evidently. It also demonstrated that 2,4-DCP was reduced more easily to o-CP than to p-CP, and that the sequence of the tendency in dechlorination of intermediates was p-CP>o-CP. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that HA could act as an adsorbate to compete reactive sites on the surface of Ni/Fe nanoparticles to decrease the dechlorination rate. Also we con-cluded that the dechlorination reaction of 2,4-DCP over Ni/Fe nanoparticles progressed through catalytic reductive dechlorination.     

Dechlorination mechanism of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid

To understand the feasibility of its application to the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater, the dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol （2,4-DCP） by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid （HA） was investigated. We found that, as high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used, the 2,4-DCP was first quickly reduced to o-chlorophenol （o-CP） andp-chlorophenol （p-CP）, and then reduced to phenol as the final product. Our experimental results indicated that HA had an adverse effect on the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles, as the HA concentration increased, the removal rate decreased evidently. It also demonstrated that 2,4-DCP was reduced more easily to o-CP than to p-CP, and that the sequence of the tendency in dechlorination of intermediates was p-CP〉o-CP. Transmission electron microscope （TEM） showed that HA could act as an adsorbate to compete reactive sites on the surface of Ni/Fe nanoparticles to decrease the dechlorination rate. Also we concluded that the dechlorination reaction of 2,4-DCP over Ni/Fe nanoparticles progressed through catalytic reductive dechlorination.     

红腹锦鸡和雉鸡肝脏抗氧化能力的比较

采用比色法测定了红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和雉鸡(Phasianus colchicus)肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果表明,红腹锦鸡肝脏SOD、CAT、ACP和AKP的活性均高于雉鸡,差异显著或极显著,MDA的含量低于雉鸡,差异极显著.可见,红腹锦鸡肝脏的抗氧化能力强于雉鸡.     

Protection of salvianolic acid B for human endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage

Salvianolic acid B(Sal B) is an active component of traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza and is used to treat vascular diseases. To better understand its mechanism, the antioxidant capacities of Sal B was evaluated with human endothelial cells under oxidative stress. Human endothelial cells were pretreated with Sal B for 12 h followed by hydrogen peroxide for another 12 h. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and concentration of glu-tathione were measured: Protective effect of Sal B on the endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced damage ' was observed, and ROS production in the cells was found significantly inhibited. Sal B remarkably enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPX. Furthermore, Sal B up-regulated the intracellular glutathione concentration. The results indicate that Sal B protected endothelial cells from oxidative stress by improving the redox status of the cells through enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities and increasing the reductive glutathione concentration after the oxidative challenge.     

双吡啶分光光度法测定小麦植酸含量研究

本文建立了用硫酸铁铵-双吡啶比色法定量测定小麦植酸含量的一种新方法.在所述试验条件下,样品重为25mg,加热时间为30min能较好的测定出籽粒中的植酸含量,5次重复测定3个样品的相对标准偏差在0.92%～2.68%之间.内标试验表明,植酸的平均回收率约为97.3%,测定结果与三氯化铁比色法进行相关分析达极显著水平.因此,该方法可用于小麦籽粒中植酸含量的快速测定.     

药物与血清白蛋白相互作用中荧光光谱学的研究进展

研究药物分子与蛋白质相互作用对阐明药物的运输和代谢以及了解蛋白质的结构与功能关系有着重要的意义。综述测定药物分子与血清白蛋白相互作用的荧光猝灭机制、结合常数、结合数、作用力类型以及药物分子对蛋白质构象的影响等基本原理和实验方法,并列举一些药物与血清白蛋白相互作用的实验结果,最后讨论其发展方向。     

均苯三甲酸铜配合物的合成和晶体结构

利用硝酸铜[Cu（NO3）2·6H2O]和均苯三甲酸在氨水溶液中反应,通过氨对铜（Ⅱ）离子的配合来调控配位反应速率,合成配合物{[Cu3（blc）2（NH3）（H2O）]·2H2O}n,并经元素分析和X射线单晶衍射法证实。配合物属单斜晶系,空间群为C2／c,晶体学参数：a=13．9213（5）,b=17．1210（6）,c=12．5271（5）A,V=2710．9（2）A3,Z=4。在标题化合物的结构中,Cu,离子为四配位而Cu2离子是五配位的,Cu1和Cu2被均苯三甲酸根离子桥联,由于均苯三甲酸根离子的结构中有C3对称轴而形成了二维六员环状平面结构,平面间通过N—H…0,O-H…0等氢键和π-π作用形成层状堆积。     

头孢他啶侧链酸活性硫酯的合成研究

头孢他啶侧链酸在碱性条件下与DM缩合生成头孢他啶侧链酸活性硫酯时,用价格低廉的亚磷酸三乙酯代替价格昂贵的三苯基膦,通过设计正交实验优选出的较佳反应条件为：固定头孢他啶侧链酸19．8g,反应物料n（头孢他啶侧链酸）：n（DM）：n（亚磷酸三乙酯）：n（三乙胺）=1：1．2：1．2：1．2,反应溶剂乙腈150mL,于5℃反应5h,收率86．8％．