神经精神科常用药物的快速定性定量及临床应用

目的：建立一种快速测定神经精神科常用药物的方法，并讨论其临床应用范围。方法：将前述两类药物按保留时间的长短分成两组，保留时间长的采用甲醇-水-1mol／L醋酸铵-5mol／L氨水（425／75／5／1V／V／V／V）的混合液做流动相，保留时间短的采用甲醇-水-1mol／L醋酸铵-5mol／L，氮啦（300／200／5／1V／V／V／V）的混合液做流动相。紫外检测，以外标法定量，实际应用时采用本院需检测病人的肘静脉血经处理后进样测定。结果：前递药物分离良好。线性相关系数大于0.996。回收率大于90％，日内、日间变异度均〈6.27％，实际应用效果良好。结论：此方法简便快速，适用于误服、中毒及自杀患者所用相关药物的定性与定量，鉴别副作用和药物过量、病情变化等。     

Racial and ethnic variation of PSA in global population: Age specific reference intervals for serum prostate specific antigen in healthy South Indian males

The serum PSA is universally accepted as the useful and clinically relevant tumor marker for monitoring therapy and identifying early recurrence in patients of carcinoma prostate throughout the world. However, application of serum PSA is limited to screening for early adenocarcinoma prostate among males above fifty years of age. Serum PSA concentration varies from one population to another in different parts of the world. Many groups of workers have selected 4 ng/ml of serum PSA as upper limit of normal range without giving due consideration for age specific increase in serum PSA. There is no single report available on normal decade wise age specific reference intervals for serum PSA in Indian males. The present study is undertaken to establish age specific reference intervals in healthy Indian males from 20–89 years belonging to subpopulation of Andhra Pradesh from South India. Our results revealed lowest concentration of 95 percentile serum PSA in Indian males compared to other populations globally. Contrary to this, healthy Afro Americans were found to have highest concentration of serum PSA compared to all other populations.     

Immunologic changes to autologous transfusion after operational trauma in malignant tumor patients： Neopterin and Interleukin-2

Objective:To estimate the impact of autologous transfusion on the status of perioperative immune activation inmalignant tumor patients.The Serum Neopterin and Interleukin-2(IL-2)were measured.Methods:Sixty patients undergoingelective radical resection for malignant stomach tumor were enrolled in the prospective study and assigned to the following groups:(Ⅰ)Group A received autologous transfusion;(2)Group H received allogeneic transfusion.The perioperative course(Beforeinduction of anesthesia,after operation and 5 d after operation)of Neopterin and IL-2 was compared.Results:In group A,SerumNeopterin was significantly lower than baseline alter operation and IL-2 had no significant changes.In group H,both SerumNeopterin and IL-2 were significantly lower than baseline alter operation and 5 d after operation.Compared with group A,SerumNeopterin was significantly lower than baseline alter operation and 5 d after operation and IL-2 was significantly lower thanbaseline 5 d alter operation.Conchision:Autologous     

日粮中添加铜对小鼠血清和肝脏中铜、锌、锰的影响

96只小白鼠,随机分为4组.日粮中铜的添加量分别为0、60、120、180mg/kg,进行为期30d的试验,观察饲料中添加铜对小鼠血清和肝脏中铜、锌、锰的影响.结果表明:小鼠肝脏、血清中铜水平随日粮中铜添加量的升高而明显升高(P＜0.05),而肝脏、血清中锌、锰含量明显下降(P＜0.05).铜与锌、锰吸收与代谢之间存在颉抗关系.     

用离心醋酸—盐酸法制备胆红素

用离心醋酸—盐酸法从猪胆汁中提取胆红素,收率可达0.041％,纯度87％,醋酸既能起酸化作用,又能起抗氧化作用,使胆红素稳定,离心作用能在很短的时间内,把物质分离、浓缩和提纯,而且所耗溶剂少。     

Protective Role of Bilirubin Against Increase in hsCRP in Different Stages of Hypothyroidism

In conjunction with thyroxine, bilirubin may play an important role for regulation of hsCRP level and a consequent pro-inflammatory condition in hypothyroidism. In present study we evaluated the dependence of hsCRP changes on total bilirubin (BT) and fT4 level in thirty overt (OH) and thirty subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Serum BT, hsCRP, thyroxine and TSH were measured in both groups and compared with forty control subjects. Serum values of TSH, hsCRP showed raised (P < 0.001 for both) values with lower levels for fT4 and BT (P < 0.001 and 0.03 respectively) in hypothyroid patients compared to the controls. ANOVA showed significant increments in TSH and hsCRP values with decreases in fT4 among the control, SH and OH groups respectively (P < 0.001). BT values showed decrease in OH group only in comparison to controls (P = 0.04). Regression analysis revealed that hsCRP was negatively dependent on fT4 (β = −0.35, P = 0.002) and serum bilirubin (β = −0.40 and P < 0.001 respectively). Univariate general linear model analysis showed this dependence persisted even when carried out distinctly in SH and OH groups separately (P < 0.001). TSH did not show any significant predictive value on the hsCRP level in either of these two tests. From these analyses we suggest that serum hsCRP is closely integrated to a lowered synthesis of bilirubin and fT4 in hypothyroid patients. Furthermore, this causal relationship is not only limited to overt but also extends to the SH.     

The triad-iodine deficiency,hyperlipidaemia, high coronary risk— in a ‘maternal-neonate’ population of rural Africa

In order to see the pattern of changes in differential serum lipid and lipoprotein fractions as a risk marker of coronary complication in paired ‘maternal—neonate’ blood samples in an iodine deficient zone, 26 pregnant women and their corresponding new born infants at term delivery from the iodine deficient Bassa region of Plateau state, Nigeria were assessed and the results were compared with those seen in a similar 44 group of women and their newborns assessed in non lodine deficient region of Jos. The serum thyroid function and lipid and lipoprotein profiles were determined by ‘ELISA’ and ‘enzymatic’ methods respectively. Urinary iodide excretion level was also measured in 14 pregnant women in Bassa, 23 pregnant women in Jos and 16 non pregnant control from Jos. Results indicate that the pregnant women assessed in Bassa were iodine deficient (P<0.01) and their thyroid status was strikingly reduced as reflected by a drop in serum level of T4/TBG ratio (P<0.01) and a rise in TSH (P<0.005) in comparison to that seen in Jos. There was marked hypertriglyceridaemia and total hypercholesterolaemia (P<0.005), with differential significant rise in LDL cholestotol fraction (P<0.005) in the women assessed in Bassa as compared to Jos. The HDL cholesterol however dropped less significantly in the group (P<0.05) with a concurrent marked rise (P<0.001) in the serum ratio of LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol in the lodine deficient group. A similar pattern of changes were seen in the corresponding neonates in the Bassa group as compared to Jos group. It is concluded that the pregnant women and their newborn offsprings living in a longstanding environmental iodine deficiency run a higher risk of developing coronary complications than those living in non endemic region. It is striking that such newborns surrounded by a continued state of lodine deficient may at a later adult-period of life develop marked risk of coronary complication and other features of hyperlipidaemias associated with varying thyroid insufficiency and accompanied iodine deficiency disorders. Prophylaxis measures as intervention has been highlighted.     

Raised Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase associated with gangrenous small bowel volvulus: A case report

Usually CPK, CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes are measured in blood during the period of myocardial infarction. The changes in LDH assay indicates duration of the infarction. The level of lactate dehydrogenase is 500 times greater in tissue than those found in serum. A small mass of damaged tissue causes leakage of enzyme and increases its level in serum. Any cause of tissue break down/hemolysis which is sufficiently severe can produce LDH pattern similar to that in myocardial infarction. We report this case of small bowel volvulus showing significant increase in LDH. It may be due to tissue necrosis which increases the level of LDH in serum.     

茜素红S标记分光光度法测定微量人血清白蛋白

研究有机染料茜素红S（alizarin red S,ARS）与牛血清白蛋白（bovine serum albumin,BSA）、人血清白蛋白（human serum albumin,HSA）的结合反应,选择实验的最佳条件：PH=5．10的B—R缓冲溶液3．00mL,4．00mL5．0×10-4mol／L茜素红S溶液．反应20min后,体系的吸光度很稳定,在入λ=420nm处有最大吸收峰,并且随着牛血清白蛋白（BSA）,人血清白蛋白（HSA）的加入,茜素红S的吸收峰下降．因此以茜素红S为标记物,根据其在波长420nm处吸收峰下降的程度,可用于定量测定BSA和HSA．测量BSA的线性响应范围为0～32．0μg／mL,相关系数为0．9987,测量BSA的线性响应范围为0～28．0μg／mL,相关系数为0．9968．该方法具有较高的灵敏度和选择性,用于实际试样分析,实验结果令人满意．     

Kinetic analysis of γ-glutamyltransferase reaction process for measuring activity via an integration strategy at low concentrations of γ-glutamyl p-nitroaniline

At 0.12 mmol/L γ-glutamyl p-nitroaniline (GGPNA), an improved integrated method was developed for kinetic analysis of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) reaction process and the integration with the classical initial rate method to measure serum GGT. For the improved integrated method, an integrated rate equation, which used the predictor variable of reaction time and considered inhibitions by both GGPNA and products, was nonlinearly fit to GGT reaction processes. For the integration strategy, classical initial rates were estimated when GGPNA consumption percentages were below 50%; otherwise, maximal reaction rates of GGT were estimated by the improved integrated method and converted into initial rates according to the differential rate equation at 0.11 mmol/L GGPNA. The integration strategy was validated using optimized GGT kinetic parameters and 10-s intervals to record reaction curves within 8.0 min. By the integration strategy, there was a linear response from 0.9 to 32.0 U/L GGT, coefficients of variation were below 3.5% for GGT from 8.0 to 32.0 U/L (n=5), and GGT activities in clinical sera responded linearly to their classical initial rates at 2.00 mmol/L GGPNA with an expected slope. Therefore, the integration strategy was successful in measuring GGT at 0.12 mmol/L GGPNA.