毛细管电泳药物分析研究进展

依据近年来的国内外毛细管电泳研究状况,论述了毛细管电泳在药物分析方面应用及研究进展.     

拟南芥热激蛋白HSP70基因片段克隆实验体系的建立

以拟南芥为材料,对热激蛋白HSP70基因片段进行了克隆研究,获得了最佳的分子克隆实验体系．首先提取拟南芥总DNA,接着在热激蛋白HSP70编码区设计引物,扩增出HSP70编码区的片断,再将HSP70编码区的片断加上具有EcoRⅠ酶切位点双链的人工接头,通过EcoRⅠ对其进行酶切．再与经过EcoRⅠ酶切并已经去磷酸化的PUC19载体通过T4连接酶进行连接,然后将连接产物置人到感受态大肠杆菌细胞中（即转化）,并让这种细胞在含有Amp＋／IPTG／X—Gal的LB培养基上生长．挑取培养基上蓝白斑中的白斑,进行质粒DNA提取,通过酶切质粒DNA,从而初步判断目的片段已被克隆．     

不同氮肥水平下烯效唑对小麦籽粒氮素含量的影响

试验采用两因素裂区设计研究不同氮肥水平下烯效唑对小麦籽粒氮素含量的影响,氮肥总用量为主处理,烯效唑干拌种浓度为副处理,主副处理各设四个水平。结果表明:烯效唑处理后,籽粒中蛋白氮与非蛋白氮含量及最终的蛋白质含量表现一致。在不施氮与低氮水平下,表现为40mg/kg>60mg/kg>20mg/kg>0mg/kg;在中氮与高氮水平下,表现为20mg/kg>0mg/kg>40mg/kg>60mg/kg。相关分析表明,非蛋白氮含量急剧下降阶段即蛋白氮含量急剧上升阶段的蛋白氮与非蛋白氮含量呈极显著负相关;花后10d开始籽粒蛋白氮与收获后籽粒蛋白质含量也显著相关性。因此,烯效唑处理提高了籽粒中的非蛋白氮含量,从而有利于籽粒蛋白氮的合成,进而影响籽粒最终的蛋白质含量。     

高效毛细管电泳法研究β-淀粉样蛋白与金属离子的相互作用

β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的聚集及纤维生成与阿尔茨海默病(AD)存在密切的关系,大量证据表明,老年斑中含有高浓度的过渡金属离子如Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺. 本文采用高效毛细管电泳法(HPCE-UV)研究金属离子与Aβ16以及Aβ28的相互作用. 研究表明,Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺都可以与Aβ发生相互作用,但Cu²⁺可以诱导Aβ16的聚集生成低聚体而Zn²⁺不能. Zn²⁺和Fe³⁺都可以诱导Aβ28生成低聚体,但聚集的速率不同.     

急性亚极量运动24h后机体血清免疫抑制蛋白的变化

探讨急性亚极量运动诱发机体免疫抑制蛋白(Immune Suppressive Protein of Stress,ISPS)出现的最短时间。方法:以北京体育大学研究生院8名健康学生为研究对象,实施急性亚极量强度跑台运动,受试者分别于运动前、运动后24 h无菌采集静脉血进行指标测定。结果发现,急性亚极量运动后24 h机体内ISPS水平升高,证实在急性运动后短至24 hISPS就能在人体内被诱导出现。结论:与运动前相比,急性亚极量运动应激24 h后,受试者血清对正常小鼠ConA诱导的淋巴细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用,是血清中ISPS蛋白水平升高引起。     

运动预处理对力竭运动大鼠大脑皮质GFAP表达的影响

目的:建立SD大鼠运动预处理模型和一次性力竭运动模型,探讨运动预处理对一次性力竭运动诱导的大鼠大脑皮质神经胶质酸性蛋白表达的影响。方法:将30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组:对照组(C组),力竭运动组(EE组),运动预处理组(EP组),EP组采用持续4周的中等游泳负荷训练后,EE组和EP组负自身体重的3%进行一次性力竭运动游泳,用免疫组织化学法及免疫印迹法检测大鼠大脑GFAP的表达。结果:EE组GFAP表达强度较C组无显著性差异(P>0.05),EP组较EE组及C组显著增强(P<0.05);EP组大鼠力竭游泳时间较EE组明显延长(P<0.05)。结论:一次性力竭运动大脑中GFAP未见明显活化,可能参与了中枢性运动疲劳的病理生理过程,而运动预处理后GFAP可显著活化,这可能是其提高运动能力,缓解中枢性运动疲劳的机制之一。     

Building muscle: nutrition to maximize bulk and strength adaptations to resistance exercise training

Abstract

Several nutritional strategies can optimize muscle bulk and strength adaptations and enhance recovery from heavy training sessions. Adequate energy intake to meet the needs of training and carbohydrate intake sufficient to maintain glycogen stores (>7 g carbohydrate·kg^?1·day^?1 for women; >8 g carbohydrate·kg^?1·day^?1 for men) are important. Dietary protein intake for top sport athletes should include some foods with high biological value, with a maximum requirement of approximately 1.7 g·kg^?1·day^?1 being easily met with an energy sufficient diet. The early provision of carbohydrate (>1 g·kg^?1) and protein (>10 g) early after an exercise session will enhance protein balance and optimize glycogen repletion. Creatine monohydrate supplementation over several days increases body mass through water retention and can increase high-intensity repetitive ergometer performance. Creatine supplementation can enhance total body and lean fat free mass gains during resistance exercise training; however, strength gains do not appear to be enhanced versus an optimal nutritional strategy (immediate post-exercise protein and carbohydrate). Some studies have suggested that β-OH-methyl butyric acid (β-HMB) can enhance gains made through resistance exercise training; however, it has not been compared “head to head” with optimal nutritional practices. Overall, the most effective way to increase strength and bulk is to perform sport-specific resistance exercise training with the provision of adequate energy, carbohydrate, and protein. Creatine monohydrate and β-HMB supplementation may enhance the strength gains made through training by a small margin but the trade-off is likely to be greater bulk, which may be ergolytic for any athlete participating in a weight-supported activity.     

Energy expenditure and dietary intake in professional football players in the Dutch Premier League: Implications for nutritional counselling

ABSTRACT

Selecting effective dietary strategies for professional football players requires comprehensive information on their energy expenditure (EE) and dietary intake. This observational study aimed to assess EE and dietary intake over a 14-day period in a representative group (n = 41) of professional football players playing in the Dutch Premier League (Eredivisie). Daily EE, as assessed by doubly labelled water, was 13.8 ± 1.5 MJ/day, representing a physical activity level (PAL) of 1.75 ± 0.13. Weighted mean energy intake (EI), as assessed by three face-to-face 24-h recalls, was 11.1 ± 2.9 MJ/day, indicating 18 ± 15% underreporting of EI. Daily EI was higher on match days (13.1 ± 4.1 MJ) compared with training (11.1 ± 3.4 MJ; P < 0.01) and rest days (10.5 ± 3.1 MJ; P < 0.001). Daily carbohydrate intake was significantly higher during match days (5.1 ± 1.7 g/kg body mass (BM)) compared with training (3.9 ± 1.5 g/kg BM; P < 0.001) and rest days (3.7 ± 1.4 g/kg BM; P < 0.001). Weighted mean protein intake was 1.7 ± 0.5 g/kg BM. Daytime distribution of protein intake was skewed, with lowest intakes at breakfast and highest at dinner. In conclusion, daily EE and PAL of professional football players are modest. Daily carbohydrate intake should be increased to maximize performance and recovery. Daily protein intake seems more than adequate, but could be distributed more evenly throughout the day.     

量热和热分析在生物大分子体系研究中的应用

讨论了差示扫描量热法(DSC)和等温滴定量热法(ITC)用于生物大分子体系研究所得到的一些实验结果。内容包括了沙冬青抗冻蛋白热滞活性的测定、胶束解体浓度的确定二个方面内容。所有研究结果都给出了有关生物大分子变化的明确信息和确切结论。     

Morphological and biochemical responses of Oryza sativa L. (cultivar MR219) to ion beam irradiation

Objective

Heavy ion beam, which has emerged as a new mutagen in the mutation breeding of crops and ornamental plants, is expected to result in the induction of novel mutations. This study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of Oryza sativa toward different doses of carbon ion beam irradiation.

Methods

In this study, the dry seeds of O. sativa were irradiated at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 Gy, followed by in-vitro germination under controlled conditions. Morphological and biochemical studies were conducted to investigate the morphological and physiological responses of O. sativa towards ion beam irradiation.

Results

The study demonstrated that low doses (10 Gy) of ion beam have a stimulating effect on the height, root length, and fresh weight of the plantlets but not on the number of leaves. Meanwhile, doses higher than 10 Gy caused reductions in all the morphological parameters studied as compared to the control samples. The highest total soluble protein content [(2.11±0.47) mg/g FW] was observed in plantlets irradiated at 20 Gy. All irradiated plantlets were found to have 0.85% to 58.32% higher specific activity of peroxidase as compared to the control samples. The present study also revealed that low doses of ion beam (10 and 20 Gy) had negligible effect on the total chlorophyll content of O. sativa plantlets while 40 Gy had a stimulating effect on the chlorophyll content. Plantlets irradiated between 40 to 120 Gy were shown to be 0.38% to 9.98% higher in total soluble nitrogen content which, however, was not significantly different from the control samples.

Conclusions

Carbon ion beam irradiation administered at low to moderate doses of 10 to 40 Gy may induce O. sativa mutants with superior characteristics.