Review and new evidence on composite innovation indicators for evaluating national performance

The purpose of this contribution is to present a survey of the recent developments in constructing composite science and technology (S&T) indicators on a national level as well as new evidence of the variability of such S&T indicators which opens the gateway to “country-tuning”. It has become standard practice to combine several indicators for science, technology, and innovation to form composite numbers. Especially in the light of this variability, two questions arise. Firstly, are the results (especially rankings) stable with respect to weights? Secondly, is there hope to define “economically” reasonable weights? In order to provide answers to these questions, we use data from the European Innovation Scoreboard 2005 (EIS 2005) to exemplify our reasoning. Concerning the first question, we give genuine evidence on the existence of immense variability, possibly invalidating the results. Further, we also show that even existing and well-accepted methods, like equal weighting, Benefit of the Doubt weighting (BoD) and principal component analysis weighting (PCA) may lead to drastically differing results. Concerning the second question we will demonstrate that by each composite indicator weighting a set of shadow prices is implied expressing one indicator in terms of another. Whether the weights are sensible should be evaluated on the basis of these shadow prices. It turns out that those implied by EIS 2005 contain strange peculiarities. After that we plead for more care in constructing composite indicators. Especially weights should be chosen on the basis of shadow prices, rather than, say, by equal weighting or other automatic methods. Lastly, we discuss the merit of composite indicators and argue that they have a valuable communication and competition function, but they should be accompanied by multidimensional representations, which provide the basis for the construction of policy measures.     

一类MIMO非线性系统的自适应模糊控制

本文针对一类MIMO非线性系统提出了模糊自适应控制方法,用FLS矩阵来逼近未知函数阵,用指数饱和函数项对逼近误差进行补偿.该方法不但能保证闭环系统稳定,而且使跟踪误差收敛于原点的小邻域内.     

Comparing Lectures: Effects of the Technological Context of the Studio

This presentation compares how lectures are being performed in different technological contexts: that of the studio, for taping of videotapes, or in front of a camera for the purpose of videoconferencing, or, for a live presentation. The different contexts will be described according to the communication theory of the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann, and contrasted with findings from contemporary research on lecturing and teacher–student interaction. The comparison between the videotaped lecture and the live lecture reveals important differences as to style of communication. The taped lectures are more stringent and content-oriented, while the live-lectures are time-consuming and more focused on establishing dialogues with students. Videoconference-lecturing contains features that place it between the live- and videotaped lecture. This paper concludes that videoconferencing is problematic with serious problems to handle for students and teachers alike.     

基于参数依赖齐次多项式的时变系统稳定性分析(英文)

基于齐次多项式Lyapunov函数这一新工具研究了时变不确定系统鲁棒稳定性问题.针对常见的含参数时变且有界连续可微线性系统的最大稳定区域问题,首先构造常用的参数依赖二次Lyapunov函数,进而给出一个时变系统稳定的充分条件.然后,通过构造适合的参数依赖齐次Lyapunov函数,并利用齐次多项式矩阵表示方法,最终以线性不等式的形式给出系统全局渐近稳定的一个充分条件.数值仿真结果表明齐次Lyapunov函数方法得到的结论对于某些系统比之前类似文献具有更小的保守性.