孝感市老年人常见慢性病的调查分析

目的：调查孝感市老年人群常见疾病分布特征,为预防和保健措施提供依据。方法：对1785名55岁以上老年人进行问卷调查,获取常患疾病资料。结果：孝感市老年人群患病率较高的依次是高血压病（28．01％）,颈腰椎疾病（19．33％）、风湿病（12．32％）、心脏病（9．24％）。各疾病性别间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,部分疾病在年龄、城乡、运动习惯间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：孝感市老年人群慢性疾病患病率较高,而且往往同时患有多种疾病,人均慢性病频率为98．04％（男性101．0％,女性93．88％）,严重影响老年人的生活质量,要引起社会的高度重视。     

西安明城墙遗址主要病害勘察及成因分析

对西安明城墙进行实地调查和资料调研后发现,明城墙主要存在盐分结晶引起的墙体泛白、墙体裂缝、表面风化、墙体掏蚀和彩绘层的起翘、脱落与模糊五种病害,并对其成因进行了分析,为古城墙保护提供了科学依据。     

用平面波法计算光子晶体光纤

本文讨论了平面波法在光子晶体光纤中的应用,在光子晶体光纤的横截面内选取包含芯层的一个大晶格,形成一个假想的二维周期结构,用平面波将模式磁场展开．就可以求解任意横截面光纤中的麦克斯韦方程。     

新冠疫情与情报智慧:突发公共卫生事件疾控应急工作情报能力评价

【目的/意义】评价我国突发公共卫生事件疾控应急工作情报能力现状,识别肺炎鏖战中情报能力的问题,对指导现实工作具有重要意义。【方法/过程】本文以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为具体问题,推演疾控应急工作情报智慧树模型,设计因应的情报能力评价体系,改进熵权法来测定指标权重及评价结果。通过比较权重的位序与增量来发现疫情任务情报能力的重点,以及情报能力在该问题中和既往工作的差异,利用短板参量分析肺炎鏖战中情报能力的不足。【结果/结论】研究发现:本次任务对情报保障和利用能力具有较高要求,较与以往疾控应急工作,对情报加工和传递能力的需求加剧;情报决策、情报处理与分析、情报劳动者和情报政策成为疾控应急工作情报能力的重要因素;短板问题存在于应急队伍、开展应用性应急课题研究和应急情报管理机制之中,另有待优化问题存在于应急预案、公众引导、应急制度等项目之中。本研究根据上述分析结果对肺炎鏖战中的情报能力治理提出对策建议。     

基于带内自回传小基站系统的干扰抑制方案

基于带内自回传小基站系统,提出一种以用户为中心动态成簇的部分协作干扰抑制方案。根据带内自回传小基站复用接入与回传无线资源的特点,形成以最大化系统下行接入链路吞吐量为目标,联合回传链路资源分配与接入链路预编码设计的优化问题。由于所提问题难以获得最优解,基于凸松弛和分块坐标下降方法,提出一种次优的迭代求解算法。仿真结果表明所提算法能根据回传速率调整协作簇的大小,均衡小基站回传负载,提升系统接入链路的吞吐量。     

Injectable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold as rapid stem cell assembly template for cartilage repair

Cartilage injuries are often devastating and most cannot be cured because of the intrinsically low regenerative capacity of cartilage tissues. Although stem-cell therapy has shown enormous potential for cartilage repair, the therapeutic outcome has been restricted by low survival rates and poor chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we report an injectable hybrid inorganic (IHI) nanoscaffold that facilitates fast assembly, enhances survival and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. IHI nanoscaffolds that strongly bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins assemble stem cells through synergistic 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, creating a favorable physical microenvironment for stem-cell survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, chondrogenic factors can be loaded into nanoscaffolds with a high capacity, which allows deep, homogenous drug delivery into assembled 3D stem-cell-derived tissues for effective control over the soluble microenvironment of stem cells. The developed IHI nanoscaffolds that assemble with stem cells are injectable. They also scavenge reactive oxygen species and timely biodegrade for proper integration into injured cartilage tissues. Implantation of stem-cell-assembled IHI nanoscaffolds into injured cartilage results in accelerated tissue regeneration and functional recovery. By establishing our IHI nanoscaffold-templated 3D stem-cell assembly method, we provide a promising approach to better overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment associated with cartilage injuries and to advance current stem-cell-based tissue engineering.     

Molecular hydrogen is a promising therapeutic agent for pulmonary disease

Molecular hydrogen exerts biological effects on nearly all organs. It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects and contributes to the regulation of autophagy and cell death. As the primary organ for gas exchange, the lungs are constantly exposed to various harmful environmental irritants. Short- or long-term exposure to these harmful substances often results in lung injury, causing respiratory and lung diseases. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases have high rates of morbidity and mortality and have become a major public health concern worldwide. For example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. An increasing number of studies have revealed that hydrogen may protect the lungs from diverse diseases, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we highlight the multiple functions of hydrogen and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in various lung diseases, with a focus on its roles in disease pathogenesis and clinical significance.     

Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells

Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC₇₁BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.     

氢能与燃料电池发展现状及展望

氢是一种洁净的二次能源载体,氢燃料电池具有能量转化率高、噪音低以及零排放等优点。氢气是连接可再生能源与传统化石能源的桥梁,通过氢能与燃料电池,可以实现未来洁净能源利用变革的愿景。世界主要发达国家都非常重视氢能的发展。目前,氢能和燃料电池已在部分领域中初步实现商业化。氢能燃料电池和燃料电池车的研究和商业化发展在日本、美国和欧洲较为迅速,他们不断在氢气生产、氢气储存和氢气利用方面进行创新。在氢能和燃料电池方面,中国紧跟世界发达国家的脚步,然而国内氢能和燃料电池产业链的不完善导致电池成本较高。因此,要加强关键材料研究,实现核心材料和部件的工业化和本土化,建立生产线,尽快完成产业链。中国已经在氢能和燃料电池产业链中部署了整车、系统和电堆,但燃料电池零部件的相关公司仍然很少,尤其是基本关键材料和部件,如质子交换膜、碳纸、催化剂、空气压缩机、氢气循环泵等。虽然国内公司已经开始涉及,但与国际先进产品相比,在可靠性和耐用性方面仍然存在很大差距,大多数关键组件仍然依赖进口。此外,氢气生产和运输的高成本、加氢站等基础设施的不完善,以及技术标准、检测体系的不健全,都限制了燃料电池车的发展。我国燃料电池汽车发展路径要通过商用车带动加氢站建设,降低氢气与燃料电池成本;发展氢燃料电池汽车产业集群,促进全产业链发展。在保障措施与政策需求方面,需要加强顶层设计,全面规划氢能燃料电池发展途径;加强研发投入,确保核心技术自主可控;统筹产业布局,引导产业链协调发展;加强标准制定,支撑技术进步与产业发展。文章分析了国内外氢能产业链结构以及氢燃料电池的发展现状,从产业化和技术两方面分析了国内氢能与燃料电池的发展现状及问题,并结合技术与产业特点提出了发展氢能与燃料电池的对策建议,对我国氢能与燃料电池的发展作出了展望。     

从文献统计分析看诱导多能干细胞的研究

诱导多能干细胞是近年来干细胞研究的焦点,本文基于pubmed数据库,通过对诱导多能干细胞的文献检索,利用TDA及spss软件,对诱导多能干细胞的文献进行年代分布、重要来源期刊、多产作者及研究热点的统计分析,旨在探讨ips的研究现状及其发展态势。