茄子主要病虫害综合防治技术

病虫害防治是茄子生产中必不可缺的重要环节,近年来茄子的病虫害越来越严重。本文通过介绍茄子的病虫害发生情况和发病规律,提出了综合防治的技术意见。     

基层党建三十年：充分发挥基层党组织的细胞作用

党的基层组织是我们党的细胞,是率领广大党员和群众进行革命与建设,推进改革开放,落实科学发展观,构建社会主义和谐社会的直接组织者和实践者。改革开放30年来,我们党更加积极推进基层党组织建设,充分发挥基层党组织推动发展、服务群众、凝聚人心、促进和谐的作用,使党和群众的联系更加紧密,保障了党的整个组织体系的凝聚力和战斗力。     

Protection of salvianolic acid B for human endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage

Salvianolic acid B(Sal B) is an active component of traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza and is used to treat vascular diseases. To better understand its mechanism, the antioxidant capacities of Sal B was evaluated with human endothelial cells under oxidative stress. Human endothelial cells were pretreated with Sal B for 12 h followed by hydrogen peroxide for another 12 h. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and concentration of glu-tathione were measured: Protective effect of Sal B on the endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced damage ' was observed, and ROS production in the cells was found significantly inhibited. Sal B remarkably enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPX. Furthermore, Sal B up-regulated the intracellular glutathione concentration. The results indicate that Sal B protected endothelial cells from oxidative stress by improving the redox status of the cells through enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities and increasing the reductive glutathione concentration after the oxidative challenge.     

Sex differences in postprandial lipaemia after acute high-intensity interval running in young people

Acute exercise reduces postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations ([TAG]) in boys and girls; however, it is not known whether between-sex differences exist in response to exercise. Fifteen boys (mean(SD): 11.8(0.4) years) and sixteen girls (12.1(0.7) years) completed two, 2-day conditions. On day 1, participants rested (CON) or completed 10 × 1 min high-intensity interval runs at 100% maximal aerobic speed with 1 min recovery (HIIR). On day 2, participants consumed a standardised breakfast and lunch over a 6.5-h period during which seven capillary blood samples were collected. Based on ratios of the geometric means (95% CI for ratios), fasting [TAG] was 32% lower in boys than girls (?44 to ?18%, ES = 1.31, P < 0.001), and 12% lower after HIIR than CON (?18 to ?5%, ES = 0.42, P = 0.003); the magnitude of reduction was not significantly different between the sexes (8% (ES = 0.36) vs. 15% (ES = 0.47), respectively; P = 0.29). The total area under the [TAG] versus time curve was 27% lower in boys than girls (?40 to ?10%, ES = 1.02, P = 0.005), and 10% lower after HIIR than CON (?16 to ?5%, ES = 0.36, P = 0.001); the magnitude of reduction was similar between the sexes (11% (ES = 0.43) vs. 10% (ES = 0.31), respectively; P = 0.87). The small-moderate reduction in postprandial [TAG] after HIIR was similar between the sexes.     

基于SIS模型的异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队知识共享研究

知识共享是异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队提升工作质量的关键。知识共享和人与人之间传染病的传播模式非常相似,主要是通过人与人之间的直接沟通实现的。基于系统动力学视角构建异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队知识共享的传染病动力学SIS模型,通过模型分析和数值仿真,从理论型定量研究的角度给出实现异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队成员与客户团队成员间知识共享与否的阈值,说明沟通可以促进异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队成员和客户团队间的知识共享,但沟通不合理则会起到抑制作用。     

发展基因沉默技术,控制作物土传真菌病害

作物土传真菌病害是当前农业所面临的最重要问题之一,由于防治困难,正日趋成为限制我国农业生产可持续发展的重要因素。基因沉默(或RNA沉默,RNAi)是广泛存在于真核生物中,基于同源序列调控基因表达的一条重要途径,而由此发展起来的基因沉默技术,作为一种新防治策略被广泛地应用于防控植物有害生物的研究中。文章综合介绍了作物土传真菌病害的发生与防治现状、RNA沉默及其在植物有害生物防控应用的最新研究进展,客观分析了基因沉默技术在防治作物土传真菌病害的巨大潜力和亟需解决的主要问题,阐述了研发基因沉默技术对可持续控制作物土传真菌病害的重要性及其巨大应用前景。     

病毒——昆虫—植物三者互作研究进展及展望

全球气候变暖,极端天气频发,入侵型、新发和重发昆虫传作物病毒病害已经成为限制我国农作物优质高产的主要因素。因缺乏抗病抗虫的种质资源、育种周期长,虫传病害防治难度极大,目前我国农业处于几乎完全依赖化学防控媒介昆虫的被动应付局面,生态与环境成本极大。以往研究虫传病毒病害往往注重病毒和植物寄主两个方面,这些研究为理解作物病毒病害的暴发机制提供了基础知识,但尚未能深入到病害防控的关键节点——媒介昆虫介导的病毒侵染循环这一根本性问题上,导致目前在病毒病害防治实践上缺乏有效抓手。近年来,随着分子生物学和组学研究的飞速发展,以及微观生物学技术和理念对宏观生物学的快速渗透与交叉,病毒—昆虫—植物三者互作机制研究取得了诸多重要进展,在寻找病毒病害流行暴发的宏观生态学现象背后的分子生物学与生物化学机制上取得了长足进步,不但为复杂生态系统多元互作分子机制提供了参考模型,也为通过人工干扰和操纵生物间互作关键节点,从而促进虫传病毒病害的持久防控提供了科学依据和新的有效抓手,变被动应付为主动调控病害灾变过程。文章简要回顾了近年来病毒—昆虫—植物三者互作领域的主要研究进展和发展趋势,并抛砖引玉提出了对未来发展的建议和思考。建议国家组织研究力量,大力加强:(1)大田生产条件下病毒病害发生的多元生物体系互作机制及科学防控科技支撑能力建设;(2)前沿基础和新方法新策略探索及应用平台建设;(3)虫媒病害绿色防控的微生物组学颠覆性技术等方向的探索与突破,力求在虫传作物病毒病害绿色生态防控方面为农业供给侧改革提供强有力的科技创新和支撑能力。     

A longitudinal study in learning preferences and academic performance in first year medical school

This is a longitudinal study of first year medical students that investigates the relationship between the pattern change of the learning preferences and academic performance. Using the visual, auditory, reading‐writing, and kinesthetic inventory at the beginning of the first and second year for the same class, it was found that within the first year, 36% of the class remained unimodal (single) modality learners (SS), 14% changed from unimodal to multimodality learners (SM), 27% changed from multimodality to unimodal modality learners (MS) and 21% remained as multimodality learners (MM). Among the academic performance through subsequent didactic blocks from Clinical Anatomy, Cell and Subcellular Processes to Medical Neuroscience during first year, the SM group made more significant improvement compared to the SS group. Semi‐structured interview results from the SM group showed that students made this transition between the Clinical Anatomy course and the middle of the Medical Neuroscience course, in an effort to improve their performance. This study suggests that the transition from unimodal to multimodality learning among academically struggling students improved their academic performance in the first year of medical school. Therefore, this may be considered as part of academic advising tools for struggling students to improve their academic performances. Anat Sci Educ 11: 488–495. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

Associations of adversity in childhood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in mid-adulthood

Studies assessing associations of childhood psychosocial adversity (e.g. sexual abuse, physical neglect, parental death), as opposed to socioeconomic adversity, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adulthood are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess associations of various types of psychosocial adversity and cumulative adversity in childhood, with multiple CVD risk factors in mid-life. At study enrolment, women from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 3612) retrospectively reported: lack of maternal care, maternal overprotection, parental mental illness, household dysfunction, sexual abuse, physical and emotional abuse, and neglect in childhood. Approximately 23 years later, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and arterial distensibility were assessed (mean age 51 years). We examined associations of each specific type of psychosocial adversity and cumulative adversity with CVD risk factors. No specific type of psychosocial adversity was consistently associated with the CVD risk factors. There was evidence that a one standard deviation greater cumulative psychosocial adversity was associated with 0.51 cm greater waist circumference (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 cm, 1.00 cm, p = 0.04) and a lower arterial distensibility, even after adjustment for age, ethnicity and childhood and adult socioeconomic position. We found no consistent evidence that any specific type of psychosocial adversity, or cumulative psychosocial adversity in childhood, is associated with CVD risk factors in adult women.     

人工细胞的表型测试与分选:构建从光谱学到遗传学的桥梁

近年来,基因组测序、编辑与合成技术日新月异,推动了基因型"设计"和"合成"能力的突飞猛进,同时也使人工细胞的表型检测成为合成生物学发展的瓶颈环节之一。对于细胞功能的快速测试与评价,单细胞分析技术具有重要意义与前景,但理想的解决方案需要具备活体无损、非标记式、提供全景式表型、能分辨复杂功能、快速高通量且低成本、能与组学分析联动等特征。以此为出发点,文章重点介绍了基于非标记式分子光谱学的单细胞功能表征、分选与组学技术体系的进展,并讨论了该领域的关键问题与发展方向。多种光谱技术之间扬长避短的运用与多模态成像,结合高通量的光谱激活细胞分选技术及下游单细胞组学技术,正构建与拓展着一条连接光谱学与遗传学的广阔桥梁。这一桥梁不仅为细胞工厂的高通量、全景式表型检测与筛选提供全新的解决方案,还将推动"单细胞精度的光谱表型组-功能基因组"作为一种新的生物大数据类型,服务于"数据科学"驱动下的合成生物技术。