Smart cities: Advances in research—An information systems perspective

Smart cities employ information and communication technologies to improve: the quality of life for its citizens, the local economy, transport, traffic management, environment, and interaction with government. Due to the relevance of smart cities (also referred using other related terms such as Digital City, Information City, Intelligent City, Knowledge-based City, Ubiquitous City, Wired City) to various stakeholders and the benefits and challenges associated with its implementation, the concept of smart cities has attracted significant attention from researchers within multiple fields, including information systems. This study provides a valuable synthesis of the relevant literature by analysing and discussing the key findings from existing research on issues related to smart cities from an Information Systems perspective. The research analysed and discussed in this study focuses on number of aspects of smart cities: smart mobility, smart living, smart environment, smart citizens, smart government, and smart architecture as well as related technologies and concepts. The discussion also focusses on the alignment of smart cities with the UN sustainable development goals. This comprehensive review offers critical insight to the key underlying research themes within smart cities, highlighting the limitations of current developments and potential future directions.     

复杂工程机械制造企业技术能力序贯性演进——三一重工和中联重科的纵向案例分析

通过对两家后发工程机械制造企业创新追赶历程的探索性案例分析,得到以下研究发现。一是发现工程机械制造企业的技术能力提升呈现“序贯性”特征,企业创新追赶过程中需要科学依循技术能力的序贯性。二是发现组织学习和资源治理作为技术能力提升的重要支撑行动,随着追赶过程的深入也呈现序贯性的演进。三是发现技术(工程)科学知识的掌控是复杂工程机械制造企业技术能力向高端演进的关键因素,对其的关注应贯穿技术能力提升的整个过程。     

面向动态联盟的制造服务组合全生命周期模型

基于多智能制造单元联合的动态服务联盟,是智慧制造云平台实现资源优化配置和网络化协同集成的基本组织形式,也是企业构建复杂制造业务流程、满足消费者个性化需求的主要服务模式。对智慧制造系统架构分析的基础上,提出业务过程导向的网络化动态联盟模型,并分析了不同联盟结构类型。为了构建高效的动态联盟,从时空角度提出基于全生命周期的服务组合框架,强调了任务分解、服务发现与匹配、服务组合与优选、自适应调整4个阶段应关注问题。并从基于协同能力的服务选择方法、制造服务双边匹配决策方法和基于情景感知的服务自适应决策方法三个方面,给出了解决相关科学问题的思路和关键技术。     

基于工业大数据的制造企业变革管理模型研究

工业大数据是实现“工业4.0”及“中国制造2025”的核心驱动要素。本文研究工业大数据环境下我国制造企业如何创新和智能化转型升级的变革管理问题,为推动工业大数据在我国制造业成功落地奠定理论基础。采用文献分析法,本文探讨了工业大数据的应用可能在我国制造企业引起的技术、个人与组织变革;同时挖掘了可能影响这一系列变革的阻碍因素。为了解决工业大数据实施过程中的变革阻力,本文提出了四类变革干预措施并构建了制造企业变革管理模型。相关成果可为制造企业基于工业大数据的信息化建设提供理论依据和参考。     

网络视角下智慧城市外部智慧性作用机制探究

经济全球化快速发展使得城市之间的各类联系日益增多,要实现城市的智慧发展,不能仅关注城市内部的创新,也要重视其在整体网络中的表现。在城市网络理论视域下,采用社会网络分析法,将智慧城市在城市网络中的位置与作用定义为其外部智慧性,并以2016年中国193个试点智能城市为样本,利用主要企业总部-分公司布址数据构建智慧城市网络,探究智慧城市的外部智慧性对其内部智慧性绩效评估的影响与作用机理。研究发现,智慧城市在网络中的点入度、点出度、结构洞与互惠性等属性均对其内部智慧性的评估结果有显著的影响作用。新兴智慧城市要提升综合竞争力,应该识别自身的网络定位,增强与其他城市的联系与合作,形成内外联动,实现智慧城市发展的各项目标。     

苏州制造业智能化发展的路径探讨

苏州制造业从规模和产值上都已居于我国领先地位,但仍然存在经营成本上升、人口红利逐渐消失、产能过剩、处于价值链中低端等问题。本研究对苏州制造业智能化发展现状进行梳理并分析,总结一些典型制造业企业智能化升级发展的做法,从而归纳出制造业智能化发展的技术创新路径、产业模式转变路径以及智能工厂和智能生产带动智能发展路径。     

Creating value from Social Big Data: Implications for Smart Tourism Destinations

This paper aims to demonstrate how the huge amount of Social Big Data available from tourists can nurture the value creation process for a Smart Tourism Destination. Applying a multiple-case study analysis, the paper explores a set of regional tourist experiences related to a Southern European region and destination, to derive patterns and opportunities of value creation generated by Big Data in tourism. Findings present and discuss evidence in terms of improving decision-making, creating marketing strategies with more personalized offerings, transparency and trust in dialogue with customers and stakeholders, and emergence of new business models. Finally, implications are presented for researchers and practitioners interested in the managerial exploitation of Big Data in the context of information-intensive industries and mainly in Tourism.     

Committee standards battles in the era of convergence: Implications for smart systems

By now, there have been many standards battles fought within the same industry or by multiple industries in the market-based standardization. In these battles, incompatible standards compete to win market dominance. While there is some research on standards battles found within a single committee, competitions in the committee-based standardization between standards from different committees or SDOs are underexplored. This paper categorizes the types of standards battles by the mode of standardization and the heterogeneity of actors. A new type referred to as ‘committee standards battles for converging systems’ is introduced and the dynamics of such battles is explored with two cases. The battle between the electric vehicle charging and the smart meter communication standard and the battle between two different vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication standards are analyzed. The failure in achieving compatibility between different committee standards on the same frequency bands results in communication interference that adversely affects the operation of smart systems. Social incompatibilities between actors and alliances from a mix of industries with vested interests towards a particular standard complicate the battling scene. The findings provide implications in terms of heterogeneity, actors, and government role in standards battles.     

SmartRolling: A human–machine interface for wheelchair control using EEG and smart sensing techniques

Smart wheelchairs based on brain–computer interface (BCI) have been widely utilized recently to address certain mobility problems for people with disability. In this paper, we present SmartRolling, an intuitive human–machine interaction approach for the direct control of robotic wheelchair that jointly leverages EEG signals and motion sensing techniques. Specifically, SmartRolling offers two wheelchair-actuation modes for users with different physical conditions: (1) head motion only — people who are severely disabled but able to do basic tasks using eyes and head, and (2) head and hands motion — in addition to type 1, people who can use functioning hands/arms for extra tasks. The system issues operation commands by recognizing different EEG patterns elicited by motor execution (ME) tasks including eye blink, jaw clench, and fist open/close, while at the same time estimates users’ steering intentions based on their facing direction by leveraging inertial measurements and computer vision techniques. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed system is robust and effective to meets the individual’s needs and has great potential to promote better health.