技术认知、风险感知对黄土高原农户水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响及代际差异

黄土高原农户对水土保持耕作技术的认知和对水土流失风险的感知是水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的关键影响因素,探究二者对技术采用意愿的作用有利于促进农户技术采用率的提高、控制水土流失、减少入黄泥沙量、改善生态环境。本文利用黄土高原1237户农户的调查数据,基于代际差异的视角,采用逐步回归法和分组回归法,分析了农户技术认知和风险感知对其水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响及代际差异。结果表明：①技术认知对水土保持耕作技术的采用意愿有显著的正向影响,技术认知对等高耕作、沟垄种植、少免耕、深松耕、秸秆还田、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿的作用强度均是新生代农户大于老一代农户。②风险感知对新生代和老一代农户等高耕作和沟垄种植技术采用意愿均有显著的正向影响,其影响强度存在代际差异;对新生代农户少免耕技术采用意愿有显著的正向影响,对老一代农户深松耕、秸秆还田、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿有显著的正向影响。③风险感知在技术认知和采用意愿之间发挥正向调节作用,在等高耕作、沟垄种植、残茬覆盖和地膜覆盖技术采用意愿中,风险感知对于老一代农户的调节作用强于新一代;在少免耕、深松耕和秸秆还田技术采用意愿中,风险感知对于新一代农户的调节作用强于老一代。户主年龄、受教育程度、家庭劳动力数量等控制变量对新生代和老一代农户水土保持耕作技术采用意愿的影响有显著差异。建议农业技术和政策推广视新老农户区别对待,提供有针对性的补贴,并通过鼓励土地流转为技术采用提供便利。     

A case analysis of the adoption of Internet applications by local sporting bodies in New Zealand

As a unique type of community-based organisation (CBO), local sporting clubs are typically run by volunteers who regularly carry out the playing, coaching and administrative roles that keep them functioning. Through a case study involving a New Zealand hockey association, this article examines the extent to which sporting clubs use Internet applications by examining their use of email (for communications), club websites (for information provision) and online statistics (transactions). Rogers’ (2003) Innovation-Decision Process provides the theoretical framework for the study.     

职业网球选手如何应用侧旋发球及特点

研究目的：随着网球技术高度发展,要求运动员的各项技术更加全面,就发球而言,目前世界高水平男子单打选手在发球落点、旋转和角度准确性的控制等方面较为突出,而在发球决胜局中,特别是在制胜分上在第一次发失误的情况下,如何在第二发中限制对手并迫使对手进入自己的预设的赢球模式显得尤为重要。研究结果和结论：通过分析发现职业网球选手在处理关键分上发球时偏向采用侧旋,以角度、旋转制胜而不是在速度上寻求制胜。     

Ethical consumption applications as failed market innovations: exploring consumer (non) acceptance of ‘quasi’ market devices

ABSTRACT

In this paper, I conceptualise ethical consumption applications (ECAs) as market innovations inflected in processes of configuring market actors and market (re)framings. The introduction of ECAs through the work of civil society is not only about changing frames of market exchange, but also work in the register of making ‘good consumers’ and consumers as ‘agents of change’ and moralising markets. Thus, a more accurate concept for these devices is suggested: ‘quasi’ market devices. The main aim of this paper is to analyse how consumers attached to and resisted use of ECAs designed to assist in product choices and shape responsible everyday practices. Based on qualitative fieldwork in Sweden, the article applies a methodology grounded in Science and Technology-inspired market studies in combination with Consumer Culture Theory’s (CCT) interest in identity work and sense-making associated with technology consumption. Although available at the time of the empirical data collection period of the study, all three apps were off the market during the analytic work of this paper; a major argument for focusing on barriers to acceptance of the apps and trying to conceptualise how such non-acceptance can be understood.     

Learning from the Learners: Preparing Future Teachers to Leverage the Benefits of Laptop Computers

Technology is changing the teaching and learning landscape. Teacher preparation programs must produce teachers who have new skills and strategies to leverage the benefits of laptop computers in their classrooms. This study used a phenomenological strategy to explain first-year college students' perceptions of the effects of a 1:1 laptop experience on their readiness for college and the uses of technology for instructional purposes by high school teachers. Participants in the study had experienced a 1:1 laptop initiative for two or more years while in high school. The study included interviews with 15 participants from two different countries and five different high schools. Recommendations from student voices in this study call for teacher preparedness beyond the levels of traditional teacher preparation curriculum. Teacher preparation programs and ongoing professional development need to embed curriculum with practical applications of technology integration for teachers so that they are truly classroom ready to leverage the computers that students come to class expecting to use.     

绿色供应商整合对外部知识采用与绿色创新的影响——兼容性的调节效应

基于中国237家制造企业的样本数据,通过层级回归的统计方法探讨绿色供应商整合、外部知识采用与绿色创新的关系以及兼容性的调节效应。实证研究结果表明:绿色供应商整合有助于外部知识的采用,进而有利于企业的绿色产品创新和绿色工艺创新;外部知识采用在绿色供应商整合与绿色产品创新和绿色工艺创新的关系中均具有部分中介效应;此外,知识兼容性在绿色供应商整合与外部知识采用的关系中具有负向调节效应,战略兼容性在绿色供应商整合与外部知识采用的关系中具有正向调节效应。     

论对鉴定结论的采信

文章介绍了英美法系和大陆法系各主要国家的专家证人制度和鉴定人制度,并在总结两大法系国家对鉴定结论的采信规则共性的基础上,结合我国在鉴定结论采信机制中存在的问题,提出了在我国制定一整套关于鉴定结论可采性要素的标准及建立强制鉴定人出庭作证制度的主张,以完善我国的鉴定结论采信机制。     

应用型本科教育质量观的选择与实现

“需求主体参与原则”、“阶段论”和“要素论”对于应用型本科教育质量观的选择与实现有着十分现实的指导意义。教育价值观、人才观和人才培养目标定位都制约着质量观的选择,统一性与多样性的有机结合是质量观选择的基本原则。质量观实现过程是一个复杂的系统工程,并不是简单加减几个环节（课程）与课时就能完成。需求主体参与是实现的关键。     

组织信息技术采纳的影响因素研究述评

对现有信息技术采纳的文献进行研究后认为,随着信息技术的普及和应用层次的提升,对基于网络的信息技术的采纳研究正在成为研究热点。在这类技术的采纳研究中,应该把关注的重点放在组织和环境因素的考察上。此外,在组织复杂信息技术采纳研究中,还应该关注各种因素之间的交互作用。     

Modeling the adoption rates of manufacturing technology innovations by small US manufacturers: a longitudinal investigation

This study provides conclusive evidence to support the view that small plants are slower than larger plants to adopt manufacturing innovations. This empirical study based on over 1000 US manufacturing plants engaged in producing discrete products, studies the adoption of manufacturing technologies in small plants relative to large plants between 1993 and 1997.Under the assumption that small manufacturers are disadvantaged, several federal and state programs have been created to assist small manufacturers in acquiring and adopting manufacturing innovations. Through quantification of technology adoption in small manufacturing firms, this study’s findings reveal which manufacturing innovations are in greater need of governmental assistance programs. While small plants are making progress over time in catching up with larger plants in computerized technology use, they are not making similar progress in adopting manufacturing technology innovations in soft technologies. Several propositions for future research and recommendations for public policy are offered.