试析19世纪英国报纸发行量上升的原因

整个19世纪,英国报纸的发行量呈明显的上升趋势。究竟是什么原因呢?本文旨在从政治、经济和社会三个方面来分析那个阶段导致英国报纸发行量上升的根本原因。     

‘Borrowed access’ – the struggle of older persons for digital participation

This study investigates older persons engagement with digital interfaces as one important way to social inclusion. Digital exclusion and social exclusion are intrinsically intertwined, which put older persons at risk for exclusion. To construct meaningful educational practices for inclusion, more insight is needed to understand consequences of low digital competence. Eighteen men and women (retired) have been interviewed about their everyday encounters with digital interfaces. Results show how older persons ‘borrow’ knowledge from social networks or from contacts at previous workplace, to access technology and digital practices. Data also show a common acceptance of exclusion and changes in lifestyle. These fragile chains, put together to access digital practices jeopardise social inclusion understood as autonomy and participation in society. Informants did not mention community arrangements as resources for access and knowledge, which indicate that hard work is required to promote inclusion of this group. A possible way could be using the power of informally framed learning scenarios. Society cannot turn a blind eye to the fact that groups of citizens are hindered from developing capabilities to maintain a social life, to access the health sector, to enjoy integrity and independence and cultural recreation – to live a capable life.     

“雪中送炭”还是“锦上添花”——社会网络对消减数字化贫困的价值探究

本文研究问题包括:多种数字化贫困现象如何在现实社会个体身上组合起来,社会网络对哪些数字化贫困者来说是雪中送炭,对哪些数字化贫困者来说是锦上添花。论文深入挖掘中国六个省市乡村田野研究搜集的117位数字化贫困者和47位非数字化贫困者的个案数据,客观评估其数字化贫困特征值,精确描述所涉个案的数字化贫困程度及类型;发现强关系和弱关系与现实中不同数字化贫困类型叠加后的个体的数字化求助行为之间的关联。研究发现:社会网络对消减数字化赤贫者的数字化贫困程度没有明显影响;个体数字化贫困类型叠加越多,他们获得社会网络的有效支持程度越小;个体数字化贫困类型叠加越少,他们获得社会网络有效支持的可能性就越大;强关系对脆弱的数字化贫困者、数字文盲、懒惰的数字化贫困者、孤独的数字化贫困者和徒劳无益者有价值;弱关系则仅对孤独的数字化贫困者有价值。图1。表3。参考文献20。     

心理契约视域下社会化阅读用户的退出、建言、忠诚和忽略行为

社会化阅读是伴随着互联网特别是移动互联网而产生的一种具有虚拟社区特点的全新阅读模式。为了全面揭示和解释社会化阅读用户的情感和行为,本文将组织行为学中的心理契约理论延展到社会化阅读虚拟社区,通过构建研究模型,采用焦点小组访谈与问卷调查相结合的方法进行实证检验;探究了用户感知信息价值和感知社交价值对其心理契约违背的影响,以及用户在社群化阅读的情境下心理契约遭到违背后所引发的退出、建言、忠诚和忽略行为。研究表明:①感知社交价值和感知信息价值与用户的心理契约违背之间均有显著的负相关关系,但对交易型和关系型两种不同类型的心理契约影响有所差异;②社会化阅读用户的交易型心理契约违背与建言行为和忠诚行为均呈负向显著关系,但与忽略行为和退出行为并无显著关系;③关系型心理契约违背与建言行为和忠诚行为呈负向显著关系,与退出行为和忽略行为呈正向显著关系。图2。表6。参考文献 57。     

Understanding how social worker compassion fatigue and years of experience shape custodial decisions

BackgroundCompassion fatigue (i.e., a worker’s diminished ability to empathize with clients) is common among “helping workers” and can result in psychological detachment from clients as a coping mechanism.ObjectiveIn the present research, we explored the relationship between social workers’ compassion fatigue and years of job experience on hypothetical child custody case judgments.Participants and settingIn two separate studies, individuals with experience working with children in child dependency court (predominantly social workers, Study 1: N = 173, Study 2: N = 119) were recruited on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and read a vignette depicting a mother attempting to regain custody.ResultsSupporting hypotheses, compassion fatigue significantly mediated the relationship between increased years of social worker job experience on recommendations that a neglectful mother receive custody, Indirect Effect = .06, CIs [.026, .127] (Study 1). We also found preliminary support for our hypothesized theoretically derived serial path model, in which (a) social worker compassion fatigue predicts anticipated secondary traumatic stress associated with the child neglect case, B = .54, p = .0001; (b) secondary traumatic stress predicts detachment from the neglected child, B = .27, p = .0003; (c) detachment from the child predicts job efficacy cynicism B = .65, p < .0001; and (d) job efficacy cynicism predicts decisions to allocate custody to the neglectful mother, B = .46, p = .005 (Study 2).ConclusionOur research shows that compassion fatigue among social workers may change the lens through which they perceive cases of child abuse.     

When digitalized customers meet digitalized services: A digitalized social cognitive perspective of omnichannel service usage

With the prevalence of digital technologies, various services have grown digitalized. Specific to the marketing section, multichannel has been gradually replaced by omnichannel, which aims to integrate all the physical and digital channels tightly. Although omnichannel has received considerable attention, there is still a dearth of research that theorizes the multi-faceted impacts of digitalization on omnichannel. This study thus extends social cognitive theory (SCT) to the digitalized context and contextualizes the digitalized customer and digitalized environment as mobile identity and channel integration quality, respectively. Moreover, based on the self-regulation process of human agency, we incorporate omnichannel self-efficacy, satisfaction, and habit as the agentic factors to interpret a customer’s conscious (ability and expectancy beliefs) and unconscious (automatic behavioral tendency) decision-making under the omnichannel setting. Through an online survey of 401 omnichannel customers, we find support for all the proposed hypotheses. Implications and limitations of this study are further discussed.     

体育教育专业学生社会支持的研究

采用文献资料、问卷调查、访问调查和数理统计,对305名体育教育专业的大学生为研究对象,主要了解普通高校体育教育专业的大学生感知到的社会支持(情感支持、信息支持和工具支持)以及对社会支持满意度等方面的情况.结果显示:社会支持是影响人们身心健康和行为表现的重要社会心理干预因素;体育教育专业学生获得的社会支持率较低,利用率也较低;由于家人及他人对体育教育专业的支持率不高,研究对象倾向于向朋友、同学寻求精神上的理解和安慰;且有时或很少寻求经济援助或解决实际问题.这些是由于与性别和个体生理因素、社会文化条件、人际交往、自我期待水平等因素决定的.     

基于市场需求下山西省普通高校社会体育专业开设健排舞课的可行性研究

文章通过调查、了解健排舞在山西普通高校社会体育专业开设现状;利用实验对比健排舞课对社会体育专业学生整体素质的影响;并从学生和师资两方面分析山西普通高校社会体育专业开设健排舞课的可行性;探讨基于市场需求下,健排舞较健美操和体育舞蹈在社会体育专业开设的优势,为山西省社会体育专业学生毕业就业提供选择平台。     

Book Reviews

This study examined the teaching of games via a tactical approach (also known as teaching games for understanding) from the theoretical perspective of social constructivism. A pilot study (of student teachers (STs) and pupils) informed the ‘main’ study which included collecting data on 49 STs, 58 cooperating teachers (CTs) and 1177 pupils. ST data were collected through videotaping (lessons), interviews and questionnaires; CT data through interviews and questionnaires; and pupil data through questionnaires. Data analysis techniques included systematic coding of teaching behaviours through computer software, using constant comparison to code open-ended question responses, and computing frequencies of Likert-scale question responses. T-tests were used to compare pre- and post-CT workshop data. Findings suggest that STs’ teaching of the tactical approach was in line with a social constructivist perspective, in part because lessons were student-centred. Overall student activity was 53% of all lessons taught, and STs facilitated pupil learning through several question and answer scenarios. Pupils wrote that they enjoyed playing games in what amounted to ‘authentic’ settings. Their responses also suggest that learning took place through ‘legitimate peripheral participation in communities of practice’ and this facilitated pupil movement through the ‘zone of proximal development’. There were indications that pupil experiences were mediated by ST competence. CTs reported that an in-service workshop on the tactical approach and mentoring was beneficial and subsequent pairings with STs elicited positive feelings from both parties.     

Perceived social support from team-mates: Direct and stress-buffering effects on self-confidence

Abstract

In this study, we wished to determine whether the perceived support available from team-mates predicts levels of self-confidence. Four dimensions of support were examined: emotional, esteem, informational, and tangible. The sample consisted of 152 university athletes (74 females, 78 males) with a mean age of 20.1 years (s=1.4). Participants completed measures of perceived support, stressors, and self-confidence at the training session before an important match. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses revealed that all four dimensions of support had direct effects on self-confidence (ΔR ²=0.13–0.17, all P<0.01), with support positively predicting self-confidence. Perceived emotional (ΔR ²=0.05, P<0.05), esteem (ΔR ²=0.02, P<0.05), and informational (ΔR ²=0.03, P <0.05) support also had stress-buffering effects on self-confidence. The findings suggest that although university athletes perceived different levels of emotional, esteem, informational, and tangible support to be available from their team-mates, all four dimensions of support positively predicted self-confidence.