Racial contacts across the Pacific and the creation of minzoku in the Japanese empire

Focusing on the work of the Japanese sociologist Koyama Eizō, this paper critically explores the development of Japanese race studies from the late 1920s to the 1940s. During this period, Japanese intellectual discourses on race developed in the context of the need to manage heterogeneous populations within the Japanese empire and contain the growing mobility of populations in and outside of the territory. Reflecting Koyama’s keen interest in racial/ethnic contacts and interdisciplinary perspectives, his intellectual work symptomatically exemplifies not only the convergence of knowledge production and the dominant imperial regime but also the transpacific implications of Japanese race studies. On the one hand, my study examines Koyama’s preoccupation with racial/ethnic contacts in relation to imperial security and also traces how his study intersected with the discourse of American social scientists who were also interested in Japanese migrations. On the other hand, the study examines how the development of the idea of minzoku in Koyama’s discourse coincided with contemporaneous attempts to mobilize diverse populations in the empire. Thus, my research reveals a complex dynamic of integration and differentiation in discourse on Japanese race studies in the interwar era.     

体育科学实验研究设计10个常见问题及对策

摘要：实验法是体育科学研究常用的研究方法之一,更是体育科学研究领域探讨因果关系的核心方法。实验设计是实验研究的灵魂,是保证实验研究有效的前提和基础。基于此目的,总结了体育科学实验研究设计常见的10个问题,包括：研究设计缺乏理论依据,系列实验研究间的关联缺乏条理,实验设计类型不清晰、组间变量与组内变量混淆,单因素设计替代多因素设计,非平衡的多因素组合实验违背了实验的均衡原则,重复测量实验设计没有平衡顺序误差,缺乏有效的对照导致内部效度较低,研究样本量偏小导致实验结果的可重复性差,实验室实验忽视了实验真实性和心理真实性对生态学效度的影响,实验设计缺乏有效的统计检验。具体分析了每一个问题对实验效度的影响,进而提出了改进实验设计的对策。     

体育科学领域的问卷调查：常见问题与解决方案

摘要：对3所体育院校2014年授予学位的120篇研究生论文的分析发现,问卷调查法仍是体育学研究生使用较多的研究方法。学位论文中问卷调查法的误用主要表现为：1) 选题范围过大,研究定位于描述;2) 问题随意无依据,选项概念混乱,缺乏规律,且存在无效或不可能选项;3) 滥用重测信度和内容效度,误用同质性信度和构想效度。对研究者建议：1) 缩窄研究范围;2) 将研究整体定位于关系性研究;3) 使用等距量表法设计问卷题目,并以构想效度为核心,努力积累问卷的效度证据。     

英文期刊中足球运动的研究领域及热点探析

摘要：对英文杂志足球运动科研的前沿领域与热点问题进行揭示。以Web of Science（WOS）为数据库基础,Citespace软件为可视化工具,1993年－2015年9月期间1725篇文献为样本,进行可视化分析。指出以英国为核心的欧洲国家在足球运动科研网络各载体中占据绝对主导地位,前沿领域以休闲足球参与与公众健康、体能训练与评价、损伤及健康与兴奋剂等药物使用管理、高水平青少年足球运动员科学训练为国际关注趋势。以休闲（小场地）足球对不同年龄段不同性别对象心血管系统影响、体能评价形式与指标创新、FIFA 11+、FIFA 11 for Health、青少年脑震荡、青少年跑动能力、青少年高原足球训练（ISA3600）、GPS追踪系统的信效度与综合使用为国际足球科研热点导向。     

Kinship,Camaraderie and Contestation: Fāṭimid Relations with the Ashrāf in the Fourth/Tenth Century.

The founding of the Fā?imid caliphate across the southern Mediterranean, and then in Egypt, Syria and the ?ijāz at the turn of the fourth/tenth century, necessitated its negotiation with the ashrāf, those who claimed lineal descent from the Prophet Mu?ammad, and who by this time had gained significant influence as a social class based on their charismatic descent. While other dynastic powers fostered relationships with various members of the ashrāf, the Fā?imid–ashrāf dynamics were distinctive in that the Fā?imids legitimised their rule as Ismā?īlī Shī?ī imām-caliphs, based on their claim of descent from the Prophet Mu?ammad, and as the sole successors to his authority and leadership over the Islamic world. Consequently, Fā?imid–ashrāf relations were permeated by fraternal camaraderie as well as by competing contestations based on their shared claim to Prophetic lineage.     

Help that hurts? Perceptions of intergroup assistance

The current research, guided theoretically by the Intergroup Helping as Status Relations Model, explored how high and low status groups (Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs) perceive offers of help from the high to the low status group. Ninety-three Arab and Jewish participants were asked to imagine and evaluate offers of help from Jews to Arabs in Israel. Consistent with the hypothesis that members of high and low status groups would have different perspectives and goals in their relations, Israeli Arabs viewed help by Israeli Jews more as a way to reinforce existing hierarchy and as a way of asserting the higher groups’ domination. Recognizing the different orientations of members of high and low status groups to potentially conciliatory actions, such as helping behavior, can enhance understanding of the dynamics of intergroup relations and conflict and reveal factors that might fuel intergroup misunderstandings and tensions, which can represent a critical step to improving intergroup relations.     

从全民健身的旺势看体育科普——以西安市为例

北京奥运会增强了人们的健身意识,促进了全民健身活动在全国各地广泛开展。科学健身方法的普及是开展好全民健身活动的重要内容,是促进全民健身活动健康发展的前提。因此,加强体育科普的力度,采取切实可行的普及措施,对全民健身活动健康发展具有十分重要的意义。     

以项目本质特征为核心导向提升我国竞技体育训练科学化水平

项目本质特征是指运动项目在比赛规则的允许下,以获得最佳运动效益为目标,在生物力学、生物化学、运动生理学、运动心理学和运动智能学等方面表现出的主要特征。在我国的竞技训练过程中存在着“重形不重质”的问题。只有对项目本身内在的、微观的和动态变化的细节进行剖析,正确理解项目本质特征,才能不断提升我国竞技运动训练科学化水平,为提高竞技成绩提供理论依据。     

现阶段社会体育发展的几点思考

通过文献资料研究及实地访谈,分析了社会体育发展的现状,并对所存在的问题进行讨论后提出相应的对策,以期为社会体育发展做出建设性的指导。     

浅析武术养生

文章运用文献资料研究方法,对中华武术和传统养生学进行了分析研究,结果认为：武术作为中国传统体育最主要的运动,融汇了中国传统的道教阴阳学、中医经络学等传统养生学的理论内容。经过两千多年的沉淀,内涵了中华文化的精髓,发展成为既具有技击性,又富有健身性和娱乐欣赏性的一种综合艺术。但其出发点自古以来未曾改变,那就是祛病强身。故此,中华武术是先民们在探讨强身健体、延年益寿问题的实践中,形成的一套完整的养生理论和方法,是中国最宝贵的养生文化。