The role of feedback from the school leader during teacher evaluation for teacher and school improvement

Since the turn of the century, teacher evaluation has been introduced around the world with the intent to improve teaching. However, in the literature on teacher evaluation, often findings reveal critical accounts about the effectiveness of feedback in teacher evaluation for teacher and school improvement. This article presents a qualitative study in eight schools where teachers did indicate to find the feedback they discussed with school leaders during teacher evaluation processes useful. In this study, we investigate whether we can identify what teachers actually do with this feedback and which factors contribute to their response. Our findings demonstrate the importance of school organizational characteristics and an integrated leadership approach for the feedback response of teachers. Also, our findings reveal how teacher evaluation is used in these schools to further school improvement.     

基于两个GFSRG的组合随机数发生器

随机数是蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法的关键因素.首先给出一种广义反馈位移寄存器发生器及其缺点,然后在此基础上提出一种基于两个广义反馈位移寄存器方法的组合随机数发生器,最后给出一些严密的统计检验,结果证明这种组合随机数发生器不失为一种较好的随机数发生器.     

论“变现”

文章认为，变现部分国有资产是我国建立社会保障体系和国有经济调整与改组的必然要求。一方面，由于社会保障基金的巨大的缺口，作为一种历史欠债，只能通过变现部分国有资产来偿还。另一方面，由于我国国有经济的战略性调整与改组都需要有部分国有资本通过流动变现与重组来实现。由于国有资本在变现、流动过程中发生的只是形态的转换，因此，不存在私有化问题。同时，只要变现方式得当，各项预定目的是可以实现的。     

将海洋工程国家重点实验室建成"国家队"

介绍了依托在上海交通大学的海洋工程国家重点实验室的定位与目标是建成“国家队”。要围绕国家船舶与海洋工程的战略目标，开展科研，攻克关键技术；要站在学科技术前沿，坚持可持续发展；要成为高技术创新源泉、培养一流创新人才的基地。并介绍了近年来取得的各项成绩。     

工程电流源综述

在信号变换及电子测量中，电流源应用广泛，其性能优劣及结构特点对测量结果有直接影响。因此，在电子测量控制工程设计中应正确选用电流源电路结构及参数。     

日本高等教育公办民营的改革实验——日本东北艺术工科大学的案例

1984年日本部省颁布了《1986年以后的教育计划》，鼓励“由地方政府和学校法人合作来设立”高等教育机构。国有民营办学思想的改革实验，受到日本地方政府的欢迎和重视，取得了显成效。     

民主社会主义产生和兴起的原因

19世纪后期，民主社会主义的产生有许多深层次的原因。在经济上，资本主义经济制度在微观和宏观两个层面上发生了深刻变化，股份公司兴起，国家职能扩大。在政治上出现了民主扩大的趋势，使政治制度化与政治参与相协调，这些变化降低了工人的革命性，导致工人阶级改良情续的滋长。苏东剧变进一步降低了科学社会主义形象，增强了民主社会主义的吸引力，并且民主社会主义本身也不断发展自己的理论，把新社会运动整合到自己的周围，这进一步增强了民主社会主义的势力。     

负反馈放大器回归比的测试

不论何种类型的负反馈放大器，只要在反馈环路某点处断开反馈环，测试出反馈放大器的回归比，就可方便地分析研究负反馈对放大器性能的影响．     

渤海国货币探讨

渤海国的历史基本上与唐朝相始终。它与周边政权保持密切的联系 ,大大推动了其政治、经济和文化的发展 ,这为渤海国货币经济的产生提供了社会基础。另外 ,由考古发现可以推断 ,渤海国可能存在货币流通。     

An empirical review of anonymity effects in peer assessment,peer feedback,peer review,peer evaluation and peer grading

Abstract

Peer assessment has proven to have positive learning outcomes. Importantly, peer assessment is a social process and some claim that the use of anonymity might have advantages. However, the findings have not always been in the same direction. Our aims were: (a) to review the effects of using anonymity in peer assessment on performance, peer feedback content, peer grading accuracy, social effects and students’ perspective on peer assessment; and (b) to investigate the effects of four moderating variables (educational level, peer grading, assessment aids, direction of anonymity) in relation to anonymity. A literature search was conducted including five different terms related to peer assessment (e.g., peer feedback) and anonymity. Fourteen studies that used a control group or a within group design were found. The narrative review revealed that anonymous peer assessment seems to provide advantages for students’ perceptions about the learning value of peer assessment, delivering more critical peer feedback, increased self-perceived social effects, a slight tendency for more performance, especially in higher education and with less peer assessment aids. Some conclusions are that: (a) when implementing anonymity in peer assessment the instructional context and goals need to be considered, (b) existent empirical research is still limited, and (c) future research should employ stronger and more complex research designs.