Language use in kindergarten science lessons: language production and academic language during a video feedback coaching intervention in kindergarten science lessons

This paper aims to gain insight into language production and academic language of 4- and 5-year-old students and their teachers in the course of a teacher intervention during kindergarten science education. The study is based on videotaped classroom observations, and specifically focuses on the academic language use of students (N_intervention = 18, N_controls = 26) and teachers (N_intervention = 5, N_controls = 5). The results suggest that this general teacher intervention yields interesting changes in language use and production. Patterns of change over time confirm the idiosyncratic and non-linear nature of these changes. Science lessons represent an appropriate context in which to acquaint students with academic language, which can be used as a basis to build upon more sophisticated language skills.     

外语口试对口语教学的反拨效应分析

外语口语考试旨在对考生的口语能力进行公正、合理的测量，准确地反映考生的口语水平，从而推进口语教学的发展。但是，口语考试的效度和信度受多方面因素的影响。英语专业口语考试及其对教学和学习的反拨效应分析对提高学生实际语言运用能力具有很大影响。     

Increasing the uptake of peer feedback in primary school writing: findings from an action research enquiry

This article reports on how an action research strategy was used to increase children's uptake of feedback during peer assessment in primary school writing. Several different strategies were used in the study that had been successful in increasing students’ uptake of peer feedback in contexts such as higher education. In order to evaluate how successful these actions were, several different data collection methods were drawn upon to triangulate findings including children's work, observations, informal interviews and mind mapping. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data generated. Findings are consistent with those from research in other settings which suggest that pupils make better use of feedback if: it is task-involving and useful; there is sufficient time given for them to act on it and discuss it with their peers; and they are asked to reflect on how it has been used to improve the quality of the assessed work.     

Conventional or sustainable? Chinese university students’ thinking about feedback used in their English lessons

Feedback has been increasingly conceptualised as a dialogical process where students interpret the provided information through interaction with comment providers and use it to enhance their learning. A major challenge for the development of sustainable feedback is closely related to how students think about it. This study explored how 25 Chinese university students made sense of instructor and peer feedback following their English group presentations. The findings reveal that most of the participants perceived more judging and encouraging functions of feedback than its improving functions, which reflected their conventional thinking about feedback. Variation also existed in the perceived functions of instructor and peer feedback. Imbalanced power relations, face, group harmony and instructors’ feedback practice as well as students’ past learning and assessment experiences appeared to inhibit the participants from viewing feedback in a sustainable way. This study sheds light on college students’ complex thinking about feedback in a non-Anglophone context which has been neglected in the feedback literature, and has implications for educators and researchers in facilitating sustainable feedback in the Chinese context and the non-Chinese contexts where Chinese students study.     

汪康年与转型期知识分子的角色特征

随着戊戌变法和庚子中国议会的失败,汪康年对自己以前的活动和中国变革的前景进行反省。他认为,政府的专制集权会侵犯民众的利益,必须利用舆论对它进行监督;同时民间的过激行为又会干扰政府的改革进程,因而对民众运动也应该加以限制。在国家与社会之间,汪康年选择了中间立场,试图通过报刊舆论对二者进行双重的监督和调解,这在很大程度上揭示了转型期知识分子所共同具有的角色特征。     

Assessing postgraduate student perceptions and measures of learning in a peer review feedback process

Peer review feedback, developed to assist students with increasing the quality of group reports and developing peer review skills, was added to a master’s level Climate Change Policy and Planning unit. A pre- and post-survey was conducted to determine whether students found the process a valuable learning opportunity: 87% of students responding to the post-review survey indicated they saw benefit in both developing and receiving peer review feedback. Peer review design minimising the potential for plagiarism resulted in low levels of student concern surrounding plagiarism. Marks allocated by students were valid (consistent with the lecturer) and were generally reliable; however, distribution of marks had a higher variance where group report quality was low. Training on completing the peer review template could result in more reliable feedback. Consistent with the literature, the feedback developed during the peer review process focused on style and presentation preferentially to content. Seven out of eight group reports improved between report submissions, with all groups responding to peer review feedback. Peer review feedback and changes made to group reports indicated students had limited capacity to judge the quality of referencing and critical analysis.     

Understanding autonomous peer feedback practices among postgraduate students: a case study in a Chinese university

Academic writing is a social practice in which the writer interacts with both texts and people and uses the interaction as a learning resource. While academic interaction in the classroom setting has been extensively investigated, student interaction that takes place without teacher supervision remains largely unexplored. Since autonomy is a key component of academic interaction, autonomous peer feedback practices among postgraduate students may be of some interest. This paper reports on an exploratory case study of peer feedback among a small group of postgraduate students in a master’s programme in translation studies in a prestigious Chinese university. The findings offer insights into the role of peer feedback in advancing academic literacy and forming scholarly communities in an emerging discipline. The case study provides an opening into the research area of autonomous peer feedback and suggests avenues for further, more substantial research.     

服务机器人多通道人机交互感知反馈工作机制及关键技术

With the increasing of the elderly population and the growing health care cost, the role of service robots in aiding the disabled and the elderly is becoming important.Many researchers in the world have paid much attention to healthcare robots and rehabilitation robots.     

一国两制是和谐选择的结果

“一国两制”理论的提出和实施是中国社会发展的和谐选择。它把历史和现实、多数人的利益和少数人的利益、单一制的国家结构和复合制的国家结构、社会主义制度和资本主义制度和谐地统一在一起,实现了地方高度自治下的祖国安全统一。双方取长补短,相互借鉴,有利于中国政治、经济、化的发展。     

反馈网络的直接传输作用分析

通过对一具体反馈放大电路的分析,把该电路的解析分析结果分解为反馈网络直接传输作用和反向传输作用两个部分,并据此对该放大电路分析结果的两个疑问作出了解释.