赶超与收敛概念演化与内涵比较分析

赶超和收敛是思考发展中国家如何避免或脱离中等收入陷阱经常用到的两个重要概念,由赶超和收敛又衍生出经济赶超、技术赶超、经济收敛、技术收敛四个关系非常密切却又有不同的概念。本文回顾了这四个概念是如何伴随着增长理论、发展经济学和国家创新系统理论的发展而出现和演化的,并在此基础上对这个四个概念的内涵进行了比较。厘清这四个概念,对系统思考我国由投资驱动的经济增长转型为创新驱动的经济增长具有重要意义。     

基于PVAR模型的长江中游城市群新型城镇化与科技创新关联性分析

基于2005—2014年长江中游城市群28个城市的面板数据,运用PVAR模型对新型城镇化与科技创新间的关联性进行估计,结果显示:科技创新有助于新型城镇化的发展,且近期的科技创新对新型城镇化的影响程度为正,较远期的科技创新会对新型城镇化的发展产生反向效果;新型城镇化的发展有利于科技创新,远期影响为正,中期影响效应变为负,近期又会由负转正。即科技创新与新型城镇化之间的动态关联关系具有时滞性,前期两者之间的互动效应为负,随时间的推移两者之间的影响由负转正;且新型城镇化对科技创新的影响效应强于科技创新对新型城镇化的影响效应,两者的互动关系存在较强的区域差异性。     

技术创新对区域经济发展的影响研究——以江苏省为例

针对技术创新与区域经济发展的关系问题,引入技术进步的TRIZ理论,将logistic函数引入原始CES函数,构建考虑累积专利影响的CES函数模型。以江苏省619家创新型企业的数据为基础,运用R语言软件编译分析,回归得出苏南、苏中、苏北三地区CES函数模型,分析江苏省不同区域地缘特点、产业结构及技术创新对区域经济发展趋势的影响规律,给出促进区域经济创新发展的政策建议。     

来自世界后发型大学的成功启示——以香港科技大学和新加坡南洋理工大学为例

作为世界后发型大学的典范,香港科技大学和新加坡南洋理工大学发展轨迹中蕴藏的成功策略:务实、深度国际化以及一流师资.这对于迅速做强高等教育具有极大的激励作用和借鉴意义.     

Digital Generation: Overview of Cultural and Entertainment Content Usage in Italy

The article investigates the relations between the technological innovation and the usage done, in particular but not exclusively, by the young generation in Italy: the basis for the analysis will be the results of the 2008 edition of the Permanent Observatory on Digital Content. Moreover it presents an overview on how the use of technologies affects the consumption of cultural and entertainment content. It highlights that there is a strong relationship among the level of consumption of these kind of goods and the way technologies are used and, more in particular, shows how the more advanced use of the technologies is depending, more than from the frequency or regularity, from the level of awareness in their use, deriving in general by a strong knowledge and skill, and, especially by the consumption done by the users of the cultural and entertainment goods. The research shows two different clusters of innovative users of technologies: Technofan and Eclectic with very different habits.

精品课程,贵在参与,重在建设——来自国家精品课程“英语写作”团队的报告

2003年,教育部启动了国家精品课程建设项目;2007年,结合"质量工程"项目,继续推进精品课程建设工作。2010年,《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》发布,明确提出提高教学质量,是高等教育未来十年的发展方向。在此宏大背景之下,文章采用回顾的视角,总结了清华大学外语系申报国家精品课程"英语写作"(1-4级水平)的情况,介绍了在建过程中取得的阶段性成果,旨在加强互相交流,体现"人文关怀"视角下的"技术精巧"路线,促进写作课程的改革,实现优质教学资源的共建共享。     

Sailing in all winds: Technological search over the business cycle

Business cycles modify firms’ incentives to innovate and the direction of innovation. By introducing a new measure of patent unconventionality this paper explores the impact of the business cycle on firms’ technological search strategies. We find that during upturns firms generate inventions characterized by a higher level of technological unconventionality. We also find that financially resilient and diversified firms produce more unconventional patents. While patent unconventionality is associated with technological impact and market value, firms extract more value by investing in unconventional inventions in downturns.     

Integrating structural tensions into technological innovation systems analysis: Application to the case of transmission interconnections and renewable electricity in Nova Scotia,Canada

This paper augments the technological innovation systems (TIS) framework to provide policy guidance on how to manage interactions between a core technology and its larger sectoral context. A TIS development cycle is presented that combines the TIS framework’s ability to clearly illuminate policy gaps with Erik Dahmén’s idea that technological diffusion creates structural tensions that introduce transformation pressure. This pressure can result in stagnation and unrealized development potential or spur sectoral complementarities and the evolution of a TIS into a larger “development block” of interlinked technological systems. Integrating structural tensions into TIS analysis highlights how the evolution of a focal technology induces technological complementarities and creates a need to continuously re-design policies. This underscores the continued benefit of a technology system perspective, even as a technology matures.The revised TIS framework is applied to a case study of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia that explores how variable renewable electricity diffusion introduces structural tensions with existing electricity grids, requiring the use of complementary technologies that add storage and flexibility. Nova Scotia aggressively developed wind energy and built a high-voltage direct-current transmission line to import hydroelectricity that could back-up variable renewable energy sources like wind.     

Protecting knowledge: How legal requirements to reveal information affect the importance of secrecy

Most firms use secrecy to protect their knowledge from potential imitators. However, the theoretical foundations for secrecy have not been well explored. We extend knowledge protection literature and propose theoretical mechanisms explaining how information visibility influences the importance of secrecy as a knowledge protection instrument. Building on mechanisms from information economics and signaling theory, we postulate that secrecy is more important for protecting knowledge for firms that have legal requirements to reveal information to shareholders. Furthermore, we argue that this effect is contingent on the location in a technological cluster, on a firm’s investment in fixed assets and on a firm’s past innovation performance. We test our hypotheses using a representative sample of 683 firms in Germany between 2005 and 2013. Our results support the moderation effect of a technological cluster and a firm’s investment in fixed assets. Our findings inform both academics and managers on how firms balance information disclosure requirements with the use of secrecy as a knowledge protection instrument.     

Technology and employment: Mass unemployment or job creation? Empirical evidence from European patenting firms

This paper explores the possible job creation effect of innovation activity. We analyze a unique panel dataset covering almost 20,000 patenting firms from Europe over the period 2003–2012. The main outcome from the proposed GMM-SYS estimations is the labor-friendly nature of innovation, which we measure in terms of forward-citation weighted patents. However, this positive impact of innovation is statistically significant only for firms in the high-tech manufacturing sectors, while not significant in low-tech manufacturing and services.