广东中医药科技创新效率的评价与提升路径 ——基于建设粤港澳大湾区中医药创新高地的背景

为了能够更好地提高广东中医药科技创新资源的使用效率,助力粤港澳大湾区中医药创新高地尽快建成,本文分别运用数据包络分析(DEA)和曼奎斯特全要素生产率指数(TFP)对广东21个地级市中医药科技创新的静态效率和动态效率进行评价。得到结果：广东中医药科技创新的整体效率水平较高,且随时间序列递增;广东中医药科技创新效率呈现出空间异质性;广东中医药科技创新效率提升的主要动能是技术进步,而重要症结在于规模经济发展尚不充分。根据研究结果提出建议：中医药科技创新资源投入要加大规模,优化结构,充分提升中医药科技创新的规模效应;强力推进技术进步,让技术进步持续赋能中医药科技创新;全局规划,全盘统筹,破解中医药科技创新的空间异质性。     

The effect of external and internal factors on firms’ product innovation

In this article we analyse the effect of factors external and internal to the firm, on product innovation novelty, and how this effect varies by industry. We estimate three econometric models to determine the individual effects of these factors, their joint explanatory power and the effects of interactions among them. The analysis is based on a sample of 6094 manufacturing firms, taken from the Spanish Survey of Technological Innovation 2000. The results indicate that the firm's technological competences, derived from in-house R&D, are the main determinant of product innovation. They also suggest that in the presence of high levels of such competences, the technological opportunities deriving from non-industry agents become less important as determinants of innovation. We show that the determinants of innovation vary depending on the industrial sector and the degree of novelty of the product developed.     

功能视角下数字普惠金融阈值对技术创新的非对称影响

数字普惠金融作为数字技术驱动金融包容性增长的新金融形式,无论在服务范围和触达能力的规模层面,还是在与信息技术深度融合的功能层面,均能更精准地支持技术创新。本文首先基于A&H模型与内生增长模型,嵌入金融超发展非线性影响关系,并借助数值模拟方法,揭示数字普惠金融规模和效率层面的不同阈值对技术创新的非对称传导机制和影响特征。其次,沿着功能视角,基于我国2011—2018年地级市数据,运用门限模型实证检验数字普惠金融阈值对技术创新的影响,结果发现：数字普惠金融对技术创新存在非对称影响,在不同阈值范围内对技术创新影响程度不同;数字普惠金融的覆盖广度、使用深度2个规模维度对技术创新的影响在超过合理阈值后呈现递减特征,而数字化程度这个功能维度表现为持续的正向促进作用;数字普惠金融对技术创新影响存在显著的区域差异,对于东部地区,金融规模过度扩张表现出不同阈值的边际递减效应,而金融效率可以保持正向促进影响,对于中西部地区,两者均表现出正向促进作用。研究结论表明,数字普惠金融促进技术创新中的功能层面改善是突破规模瓶颈的重要手段。     

科技革命的历史轨迹及对世界经济的影响

纵观战后科技革命的历史轨迹,审视这场革命对世界的影响,对于我们正确认识世界形势,把握和应对面临的挑战和机遇有着极其重要的意义。     

空间技术溢出与中国城市服务业增长效率

利用2005-2010年中国284个地级及其以上城市的面板数据,通过空间计量分析方法,充分考察专业化经济、多样化经济、城市规模、城市间空间相互作用和距离等因素,深入探讨空间技术溢出与中国城市服务业增长效率的关系.研究结论显示:邻近地级市之间服务业存在显著的空间技术外溢效应,对生活服务业生产效率的促进作用高于对生产服务业生产效率的作用.专业化水平对生活服务业劳动生产率的拉动作用较大.多样化水平对生产服务业生产效率的不利影响较小.中国城市服务业空间技术溢出效应在90～140千米范围内最显著,最大的技术溢出范围为220千米.     

区域视角下协调发展创新体系构建研究

构建交叉融合科技创新体系是实现技术融合和创新驱动协调发展的必要条件。基于区域创新系统理论,从体系创新主体和运行过程出发,对现阶段我国交叉融合科技创新体系的发展现状与存在问题进行剖析,在此基础上提出包含基础环境、组织保障、工作运行在内的分系统交叉融合科技创新体系构建思路与对策建议,进一步推动交叉融合科技创新体系高效、顺畅运行。     

基于专利视角的哈尔滨市科技创新与成果转化研究

为深入开展我国各地区产业创新与科技成果转化现状与原因分析,在对典范地区科技成果转化的政策与措施进行文献调研的基础上,以哈尔滨市为例,基于专利构建分析地区产业创新与科技成果转化现状的流程与框架。研究发现,哈尔滨市专利年龄整体呈现“年轻化”,且专利的技术含金量较高,这与当地政府积极推出各项鼓励政策密切相关,此外,当地技术创新主体主要集中在高校,尤以哈尔滨工业大学专利产量最为突出。但与此同时,也存在近几年专利申请量下降、专利成果转化趋势下降、科技成果外流,以及作为专利申请主体的高校科技成果转化率低下等问题。对此,将借鉴我国其他地区的科技成果转化措施与策略,为哈尔滨市提出相应的对策与建议。     

Teacher educators' competences in fostering student teachers’ proficiency in teaching and learning with technology: An overview of relevant research literature

Teacher educators play an important role in preparing student teachers to integrate technology into their classrooms. This article presents an overview of research literature on teacher educators' competences in preparing their students to teach with technology. A literature search yielded 26 relevant research articles. Four domains of competence were identified: technology competences, competences for pedagogical and educational technology use, beliefs about teaching and learning and competences in professional learning. The literature focuses on teacher educators’ competences in using technology for teaching. Research on the competences that teacher educators need and have as second-order teachers is lacking. Recommendations for future research are discussed.     

Using Technology to Enhance Pedagogies in Rural Geography Primary Classroom in the Twenty-First Century

The purpose of this research was to explore how two rural primary teachers used technology to enhance their pedagogical and content knowledge of Geography in their everyday teaching and learning. Hence the theory of Koehler and Mishra’s Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framed this research. Although the Intermediate Phase curriculum provides a general education experience, teachers need to adopt teaching strategies that deliver Geographical knowledge, skills and values which enable learners to function effectively and responsibly. A qualitative research design was employed for this study using interviews and observations. Two teachers were purposively selected for this study. The findings indicate that the two teachers used technology, to varying extents, to enhance their pedagogy.     

国内外生物制药产业技术创新管理模式比较研究

从比较管理的视角,通过对不同管理情境下国内外生物制药产业间技术创新管理模式的显著差异及其影响因素与形成机理进行比较,揭示不同国家或地区生物制药产业技术创新管理模式的基本特征、生成与演进机理,分析中国与美、日发达国家生物制药产业技术创新管理模式的具体差异,以期为我国生物制药产业在全球竞争中形成具有自身特色的技术创新管理模式与产业链、提高产业技术创新能力奠定一定理论基础,提供管理思路和对策。