Components, systems and discontinuities: The case of magnetic recording and playback equipment

Using the history of magnetic recording and playback equipment, this paper explores the relationship between incremental improvements in components and technological discontinuities in systems. It finds that improvements in components have been the major source of all discontinuities in the industry. Focusing just on tape-based systems, all of the basic design approaches had been identified by the late 1950s and thus one of the largest technological challenges for firms has been to modify the design in response to improvements in the magnetic recording density of tape. This paper explores this phenomenon by analyzing data on equipment performance and price, and several design choices for the tape-based equipment. It shows how improvements in the magnetic recording density have changed the tradeoffs that exist between price and different dimensions of performance and between various design choices and thus led to about 10 technological discontinuities in magnetic tape system design.     

基于信息资源视角的创业机会识别过程研究

创业是一个过程,这一过程的起点就是创业机会的发现。本文首先提出对创业机会识别产生影响的有三方面因素：必要的信息资源、创业者的信息分析处理能力、创业者的性格特征和风险倾向性,并以认知科学的理论为基础分析了创业者机会识别过程,建立了基于信息资源视角的创业机会识别过程模型。     

Rethinking the multi-level perspective of technological transitions

In recent years numerous articles have been published which advocate a multi-level perspective (MLP) for the analysis of long-term technological transitions. This paper reviews current transitions research and considers the limitations of the MLP which need to be addressed to enhance understanding of processes of innovation affecting the transformation of technology and society. The paper suggests ways in which the MLP may be effectively rethought, based on more thoroughgoing application of a co-evolutionary concept of technological transitions.     

试析谭嗣同的近代工业观

19世纪末 ,谭嗣同的经济思想逐步由重商主义转变为主张发展大机器工业。他极力宣扬机器生产的优势 ,批判顽固守旧思想 ,提出了“机器惜时论”,并对如何发展大机器工业提出了具体的设想。谭嗣同的近代工业观应该在中国近代经济思想史上占有重要的地位。     

国家创新系统中的图书馆

应用国家创新系统理论,分析图书馆在国家创新系统中的战略机会和战略发展问题。     

从知识地图到数字地球——谈人类信息基础环境的演变

人类社会信息基础环境的每一次发展 ,都辩证地促进了人类社会及其信息基础设施的良性循环和发展。从“知识地图”到“数字地球” ,本质地昭示出人类信息不断朝着“有序化”和“序变能力”双向递进发展 ,数字化、网络化、智能性和虚拟化是其物化的技术保障。参考文献 12。     

高等职业教育转型发展的思考与实践——以湖北职业技术学院为例

文章从国家产业结构转型升级的要求、职业教育发展的规律、高职院校的自身需要、地方本科院校转型发展的机遇四个方面论述了高职教育转型发展的必要性,并以湖北职业技术学院为例,探讨了高职院校转型发展的根本目标、基本要求、根本路径、重要内容。     

The effects of deeper learning opportunities on student achievement: Examining differential pathways

This study investigates relations between cognitive, interpersonal, and intrapersonal opportunities, noncognitive outcomes, and student achievement in 1,096 students from 20 high schools (10 Deeper Learning [DL] network, 10 control) who participated in the Study of DL (SDL). DL is an umbrella term used to encompass the cognitive, interpersonal, and intrapersonal skills and knowledge that students need to be successful in school and the workforce. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test a theoretical model that hypothesizes plausible pathways between DL opportunities to interpersonal, intrapersonal, and cognitive outcomes. Further, a multigroup structural equation modeling examined differences in these relations between DL and matched nonnetwork schools. Cognitive and intrapersonal opportunities were related to both interpersonal and intrapersonal outcomes. Further, cognitive opportunities were indirectly related to student achievement through interpersonal outcomes. Similar patterns of relations were found in DL and control schools. This study helps to build a stronger understanding of how types of DL opportunities and strategies can best develop the complex skills that students need to be successful in school and can also be used to inform future intervention designs and research studies.     

Assessment of Adoption Gaps in Management of Aflatoxin Contamination of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)

Abstract

One of the major impediments for diversification of groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) as food crop is aflatoxin contamination. The study was conducted with an objective to assess the adoption gaps in aflatoxin management practices of groundnut (AMPG) and the farmer's characteristics influencing these gaps. The study used an expost-facto research design and multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected from 180 respondents through interview schedule. For measuring adoption gap, knowledge of AMPG and perception of groundnut quality suitable scales were developed. The data were subjected to multiple regression analysis to know the characteristics, which influenced the adoption gaps in AMPG. The majority of farmers were in high adoption gap category, as most of the farmers had not adopted the harvest and post-harvest management practices. Farmers' characteristics such as knowledge, market orientation and innovativeness influenced the adoption gap significantly. These three variables put together explained 58% of variation in adoption gap. Based on the results, it is suggested to formulate strategies to increase the knowledge of farmers through various extension approaches. If the knowledge on AMPG is improved the adoption gaps can be reduced. The maiden research effort, shed light on the socio-economic dimensions of aflatoxin contamination and constraints for aflatoxin management at farmers' level. The study has significance for the policy makers, extension departments and groundnut farmers for production of quality groundnut.     

我国战略性新兴产业发展如何避免低端锁定——以风电设备制造业为例

近年来我国的风力发电等战略性新兴产业取得了快速发展,但由于内源性技术创新能力不足、技术高度战略化与产品低市场利基的矛盾等原因,使得战略性新兴产业发展面临低端锁定的风险。本文以风电设备制造业为例,通过分析全球的竞争格局以及我国以引进技术支撑规模制造优势、通用零部件的生产优势与关键零部件的进口依赖并存等参与全球价值链的特征,得出距离战略性新兴产业的标准仍有不小差距。为避免低端锁定,本文提出关键共性技术的战略性攻关、赋予龙头企业创新责任与创新激励等六条风电设备制造业实现价值链攀升的路径。