组织的知识共享障碍的消除策略研究

组织的知识共享障碍有主观障碍和客观障碍两类。主观障碍来自于知识拥有方和知识接受方的思想障碍。客观障碍可能来自知识背景差异、组织结构的缺陷、谈话技巧的缺乏和管理者的工作失误。文章简要分析了这两类障碍产生的根源,在此基础上提出组织的知识共享障碍的相关消除策略,包括建立支持知识共享的组织文化环境和制度、强化知识共享技术环境等。     

论全球气候变暖中的技术影响:临界过程及临界风险防控

全球气候变暖过程的技术影响可从三个层面考量:产品生命周期的排放叠加,技术群的集成环境影响,以及技术-经济体系环境影响的产业放大。气候变暖过程是气候风险由量变到质变的临界变化过程。临界过程是临界点和转换期的统一,临界点代表了人类活动的限度,转换期提供了生态风险防控的可能性。防控气候风险需要建立一种临界思维,这是一种关于危机、预警和主动防御的思维。为了防控气候变化的临界风险,从技术产品的供给侧考虑,有必要通过低碳化的技术创新完成生态化的技术迭代。从温室效应的社会建构考虑,每个地球人都承担维护地球生态系统安全运作的责任。     

增长促进创新还是创新促进增长?一个德国"市场秩序"和发展经济学的观点

目前市场既是一个自发状态又是一个不断发现的过程,处于市场中的公司为了更好的生存开始不断的进行研发活动.本文通过对技术进步(创新)的三个假设的事实验证表明,不断增长的需求是导致技术不断进步的关键因素.最后本文还讨论了研究状态的类型及技术政策与市场相适应等相关问题.     

Corporate governance and innovation: The UK compared with the US and ‘insider’ economies

How well does the UK corporate governance and financial system (CG&FS) support and encourage innovation? Each CG&FS faces four challenges which vary by sector: novelty, reconfiguration, visibility and spill-overs. High novelty in technologies and markets requires high industry-wide expertise; need for radical reconfiguration requires strong pressure for shareholder value. Low visibility of innovation processes requires shareholder engagement; high spill-overs to and from stakeholders require substantial stakeholder inclusion. The UK CG&FS is rated in these terms against the US and ‘insider’ economies, drawing on recent fieldwork, and the ratings are shown to account well for the relative R&D intensity and specialisation of UK-owned firms.     

Profiting from technological innovation by others: The effect of competitor patenting on firm value

In 1986, Teece proposed a seminal framework for analyzing why innovators may fail to benefit from their innovations. He argued, in part, that firms with the requisite complementary assets can often expropriate an innovator's returns especially when appropriability regimes are weak. In this paper, we explore the implications of this framework from the perspective of an incumbent firm—more precisely, of investors in that firm—facing innovation by established corporate rivals and by inventors from outside its industry. We demonstrate that the financial-market value of publicly traded firms depends on patented innovation by competitors (both established rivals and industry outsiders). Our empirical study generates three main results. First, the financial-market value of an incumbent is negatively associated with “important” patenting by outside inventors. Second, in industries characterized by weak appropriability regimes or by a strong reliance on complementary assets, this relationship is reversed: important patenting by outsiders is positively associated with the incumbent's financial-market value. Third, the effect of outsiders’ patented innovation on the focal incumbent is qualitatively different than that of established rivals’ patented innovation on the incumbent. These results are consistent with implications of Teece [Teece, D., 1986. Profiting from Innovation, Research Policy] and with recently developed models that formalize elements of his framework. More generally, these results support theories about both the market-stealing and spillover effects of innovation.     

The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation: evidence from a Chilean wine cluster

Most analyses of the relationship between spatial clustering and the technological learning of firms have emphasised the influence of the former on the latter, and have focused on intra-cluster learning as the driver of innovative performance. This paper reverses those perspectives. It examines the influence of individual firms’ absorptive capacities on both the functioning of the intra-cluster knowledge system and its interconnection with extra-cluster knowledge. It applies social network analysis to identify different cognitive roles played by cluster firms and the overall structure of the knowledge system of a wine cluster in Chile. The results show that knowledge is not diffused evenly ‘in the air’, but flows within a core group of firms characterised by advanced absorptive capacities. Firms’ different cognitive roles include some—as in the case of technological gatekeepers—that contribute actively to the acquisition, creation and diffusion of knowledge. Others remain cognitively isolated from the cluster, though in some cases strongly linked to extra-cluster knowledge. Possible implications for policy are noted.     

科技成果评价指标体系研究

我国科技成果在转化过程中面临着诸多障碍,其中一个重要因素就是缺乏科学、完善的科技成果评价体制。针对这一问题,通过问卷调查,综合不同领域多位专家的意见并基于层次分析法,分别构建了技术开发类应用技术成果、社会公益类应用技术成果和软科学研究成果的评价指标体系。这套评价指标体系的建立在一定程度上能够为科技部门进行科学、合理的科技成果评价提供理论参考。     

斯坦福国际研究院的创新管理分析——基于组织学习和知识管理视角

以斯坦福国际研究院(SRI)为案例,分析了其创新管理“五项守则”及创新成果转化的实践,指出了值得知识密集型科技服务机构借鉴的创新管理经验:围绕组织学习来构建创新活动管理的总体运行机制;相应地设计切合知密集型创新活动特征的管理工具、构建创新管理文化;并依据知识活动的系统性来开展创新成果转化.     

发展产业技术创新服务平台的战略与措施——上海地面交通工具风洞中心的启示

本文通过同济大学上海地面交通工具风洞中心建设与发展的案例分析,为我国产业技术创新服务平台的建设提供有益的战略思路与措施借鉴.在分析其发展历程以及建设运行体制、特点的基础上,从载体、组织定位、机制创新、协同发展等方面剖析上海地面交通工具风洞中心的发展对建设技术创新服务平台的借鉴与启示,并提出推动我国产业技术创新服务平台发展的政策建议.     

论技术时代的人文教育及其意义——以高等教育为例

随着经济社会的发展,技术化及其相关问题日显突出,尖锐技术不仅规定了人们的思想,也影响着教育观念与人的培养。因此,在大学的教育与教学里,充分开展人文教育,才能有效地克服与纠正人的教育的技术化及其弊端,进而促成人向自身的本性的回归,以实现人的自我完善与全面发展。