Delineating policy mixes: Contrasting top-down and bottom-up approaches to the case of energy-storage policy in California

In the light of pressing societal challenges such as climate change and resource scarcity, scholars are increasingly interested in studying policy mixes in the context of sustainability transitions. However, despite numerous conceptual advances and empirical insights, researchers still lack universal criteria or accepted heuristics for delineating policy mixes in these complex policy spaces. We address this gap by conducting an extensive review of the literature, synthesizing best practices, and developing an analytical framework that provides researchers with two archetypical methodological approaches. The top-down approach builds on the idea that the elements of a policy mix originate from an overarching strategic intent. By contrast, the bottom-up approach starts from the definition of a focal impact domain that is affected by a range of policy instruments. For each approach, we outline a systematic analytical procedure, then implement it to scrutinize how policy affects the emerging technological domain of energy storage in California. We find that each approach has particular advantages that render it useful for certain policy mix analyses. Discussing how researchers may choose between the two approaches or leverage their complementarities, we seek to provide the basis for a consistent research program building on the policy mix framework.     

石油工业创新技术科技查新结论编写研究

依据专业领域,创新能力,创新发展、技术成熟度,创新方式,创新程度,应用效果对查新结论进行分类分析,为石油工业合理配置科技资源、梳理重大技术研发方向、提升自主技术创新能力、创建国际一流企业提供重要支撑。科技查新结论编写研究具有广阔的应用前景。     

Co-developmental trajectories of psychological need satisfactions at school: Relations to mental health and academic functioning in Chinese elementary school students

This study explored the co-developmental trajectories of autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfactions at school and their relations to mental health and academic functioning in Chinese elementary school students. An accelerated longitudinal design was used with a sample of three cohorts (grade 3, grade 4, and grade 5) (N = 1070, 45.8% female; M_age = 9.44, SD = 0.97) on four occasions at 6-month intervals. Parallel process latent class growth models revealed five heterogeneous patterns (i.e., Congruent-moderate; Congruent-high; Congruent-low; Congruent-decreasing; Low-autonomy, High-competence and relatedness), all of which significantly associated with time-varying mental health and academic functioning indicators. The findings highlight the importance of subgroup differences and possible cultural considerations in understanding the progression of psychological need satisfactions and the need for universal screening and dynamic monitoring of students’ psychological need satisfactions at school and implementing more sophisticated interventions tailored to the unique characteristics of the relevant subgroups to promote optimal mental health and learning.     

赶超与收敛概念演化与内涵比较分析

赶超和收敛是思考发展中国家如何避免或脱离中等收入陷阱经常用到的两个重要概念,由赶超和收敛又衍生出经济赶超、技术赶超、经济收敛、技术收敛四个关系非常密切却又有不同的概念。本文回顾了这四个概念是如何伴随着增长理论、发展经济学和国家创新系统理论的发展而出现和演化的,并在此基础上对这个四个概念的内涵进行了比较。厘清这四个概念,对系统思考我国由投资驱动的经济增长转型为创新驱动的经济增长具有重要意义。     

Digital Generation: Overview of Cultural and Entertainment Content Usage in Italy

The article investigates the relations between the technological innovation and the usage done, in particular but not exclusively, by the young generation in Italy: the basis for the analysis will be the results of the 2008 edition of the Permanent Observatory on Digital Content. Moreover it presents an overview on how the use of technologies affects the consumption of cultural and entertainment content. It highlights that there is a strong relationship among the level of consumption of these kind of goods and the way technologies are used and, more in particular, shows how the more advanced use of the technologies is depending, more than from the frequency or regularity, from the level of awareness in their use, deriving in general by a strong knowledge and skill, and, especially by the consumption done by the users of the cultural and entertainment goods. The research shows two different clusters of innovative users of technologies: Technofan and Eclectic with very different habits.

精品课程,贵在参与,重在建设——来自国家精品课程“英语写作”团队的报告

2003年,教育部启动了国家精品课程建设项目;2007年,结合"质量工程"项目,继续推进精品课程建设工作。2010年,《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》发布,明确提出提高教学质量,是高等教育未来十年的发展方向。在此宏大背景之下,文章采用回顾的视角,总结了清华大学外语系申报国家精品课程"英语写作"(1-4级水平)的情况,介绍了在建过程中取得的阶段性成果,旨在加强互相交流,体现"人文关怀"视角下的"技术精巧"路线,促进写作课程的改革,实现优质教学资源的共建共享。     

Integrating structural tensions into technological innovation systems analysis: Application to the case of transmission interconnections and renewable electricity in Nova Scotia,Canada

This paper augments the technological innovation systems (TIS) framework to provide policy guidance on how to manage interactions between a core technology and its larger sectoral context. A TIS development cycle is presented that combines the TIS framework’s ability to clearly illuminate policy gaps with Erik Dahmén’s idea that technological diffusion creates structural tensions that introduce transformation pressure. This pressure can result in stagnation and unrealized development potential or spur sectoral complementarities and the evolution of a TIS into a larger “development block” of interlinked technological systems. Integrating structural tensions into TIS analysis highlights how the evolution of a focal technology induces technological complementarities and creates a need to continuously re-design policies. This underscores the continued benefit of a technology system perspective, even as a technology matures.The revised TIS framework is applied to a case study of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia that explores how variable renewable electricity diffusion introduces structural tensions with existing electricity grids, requiring the use of complementary technologies that add storage and flexibility. Nova Scotia aggressively developed wind energy and built a high-voltage direct-current transmission line to import hydroelectricity that could back-up variable renewable energy sources like wind.     

Technology and employment: Mass unemployment or job creation? Empirical evidence from European patenting firms

This paper explores the possible job creation effect of innovation activity. We analyze a unique panel dataset covering almost 20,000 patenting firms from Europe over the period 2003–2012. The main outcome from the proposed GMM-SYS estimations is the labor-friendly nature of innovation, which we measure in terms of forward-citation weighted patents. However, this positive impact of innovation is statistically significant only for firms in the high-tech manufacturing sectors, while not significant in low-tech manufacturing and services.     

技术开发类科研机构创新能力直觉模糊排序方法及应用——以广东省属10所技术开发类机构为例

依据我国技术开发类科研机构的基本特征,从创新支撑、活动、产出、影响、运营能力五大维度出发,提出技术开发类科研机构创新能力评价指标体系。利用熵权法求取各指标权重大小,通过直觉模糊数相关系数计算各科研机构与理想、临界机构加权相关系数,提出直觉模糊排序方法。最后,选取广东省属10所技术开发类科研机构为样本,并利用该方法进行创新能力评价研究,给出提升该类科研机构创新能力的相关建议。     

诺奖级颠覆性技术革命专利LED的创新性TRIZ分析和专利竞争及进化特征实证

本文通过2014年诺贝尔物理奖的科研过程和遇到的相关科研难题,进行了科技情报分析并结合TRIZ矛盾矩阵进行解题分析,并通过科研思路的难点的初级问题和产业终极问题进行科研思路解题的具体步骤,从而解释了诺贝尔2014物理奖的科研成功的科学思路选择的合理性,同时跟综该科研成功后的相关领域的文献量的变化和升迁情况和专利分布,并进行该技术发展进化特征的分析。