Green Technologies and diversity in the knowledge search and output phases: Evidence from European Patents

The aim of this study is to investigate technological diversity in the knowledge search and the knowledge output stages of the green inventive process. Exploiting a large sample of European patent data, from 1980 to 2013, the paper explores the degree of diversity in green inventions, comparing the recombinant features of green technologies with a control sample of non-green technologies selected through propensity score matching techniques. Empirical results suggest that green technologies show a higher degree of diversity of the knowledge sources and a higher technological diversity in how knowledge is effectively recombined. We further find that the green diversity premium is higher in the knowledge output phase than in the knowledge search phase. We conclude that the assessment of the role of technological diversity along the different phases of the invention process may improve the appropriate organization of innovative activities and policy design necessary for stimulating green technological developments and support a feasible sustainable transition.     

Unravelling the drivers of technological innovations in the Czech Republic: Do international technological linkages matter?

This study aims to investigate the main factors driving technological innovation within firms in the manufacturing and service sectors of the Czech Republic. We apply a binary logistic regression model to cross-sectional data from 502 firms, obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. The results of our empirical investigation show that certain elements of the business environment, such as the tax rate, serve as significant obstacles to firms’ product innovations. The results also confirm that international technological linkages—measured by international quality certificates and foreign technology licenses—affect technological innovations. Moreover, we found that internal R&D activities positively impact technological innovation across all sectors; contrarily, we found that process innovation in the manufacturing sector is positively influenced by foreign technology licenses and business association membership. Process innovations in the service sector are positively correlated with external R&D and financing from banking institutions. Finally, business association membership does not positively influence technological innovation in the service sector. Our findings have salient implications for firm managers, policymakers, and scholars aiming to explore and improve innovation outcomes in transitional economies.     

赶超与收敛概念演化与内涵比较分析

赶超和收敛是思考发展中国家如何避免或脱离中等收入陷阱经常用到的两个重要概念,由赶超和收敛又衍生出经济赶超、技术赶超、经济收敛、技术收敛四个关系非常密切却又有不同的概念。本文回顾了这四个概念是如何伴随着增长理论、发展经济学和国家创新系统理论的发展而出现和演化的,并在此基础上对这个四个概念的内涵进行了比较。厘清这四个概念,对系统思考我国由投资驱动的经济增长转型为创新驱动的经济增长具有重要意义。     

基于PVAR模型的长江中游城市群新型城镇化与科技创新关联性分析

基于2005—2014年长江中游城市群28个城市的面板数据,运用PVAR模型对新型城镇化与科技创新间的关联性进行估计,结果显示:科技创新有助于新型城镇化的发展,且近期的科技创新对新型城镇化的影响程度为正,较远期的科技创新会对新型城镇化的发展产生反向效果;新型城镇化的发展有利于科技创新,远期影响为正,中期影响效应变为负,近期又会由负转正。即科技创新与新型城镇化之间的动态关联关系具有时滞性,前期两者之间的互动效应为负,随时间的推移两者之间的影响由负转正;且新型城镇化对科技创新的影响效应强于科技创新对新型城镇化的影响效应,两者的互动关系存在较强的区域差异性。     

技术创新对区域经济发展的影响研究——以江苏省为例

针对技术创新与区域经济发展的关系问题,引入技术进步的TRIZ理论,将logistic函数引入原始CES函数,构建考虑累积专利影响的CES函数模型。以江苏省619家创新型企业的数据为基础,运用R语言软件编译分析,回归得出苏南、苏中、苏北三地区CES函数模型,分析江苏省不同区域地缘特点、产业结构及技术创新对区域经济发展趋势的影响规律,给出促进区域经济创新发展的政策建议。     

来自世界后发型大学的成功启示——以香港科技大学和新加坡南洋理工大学为例

作为世界后发型大学的典范,香港科技大学和新加坡南洋理工大学发展轨迹中蕴藏的成功策略:务实、深度国际化以及一流师资.这对于迅速做强高等教育具有极大的激励作用和借鉴意义.     

Digital Generation: Overview of Cultural and Entertainment Content Usage in Italy

The article investigates the relations between the technological innovation and the usage done, in particular but not exclusively, by the young generation in Italy: the basis for the analysis will be the results of the 2008 edition of the Permanent Observatory on Digital Content. Moreover it presents an overview on how the use of technologies affects the consumption of cultural and entertainment content. It highlights that there is a strong relationship among the level of consumption of these kind of goods and the way technologies are used and, more in particular, shows how the more advanced use of the technologies is depending, more than from the frequency or regularity, from the level of awareness in their use, deriving in general by a strong knowledge and skill, and, especially by the consumption done by the users of the cultural and entertainment goods. The research shows two different clusters of innovative users of technologies: Technofan and Eclectic with very different habits.

精品课程,贵在参与,重在建设——来自国家精品课程“英语写作”团队的报告

2003年,教育部启动了国家精品课程建设项目;2007年,结合"质量工程"项目,继续推进精品课程建设工作。2010年,《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》发布,明确提出提高教学质量,是高等教育未来十年的发展方向。在此宏大背景之下,文章采用回顾的视角,总结了清华大学外语系申报国家精品课程"英语写作"(1-4级水平)的情况,介绍了在建过程中取得的阶段性成果,旨在加强互相交流,体现"人文关怀"视角下的"技术精巧"路线,促进写作课程的改革,实现优质教学资源的共建共享。     

Implementing a play‐based and developmentally appropriate curriculum in Northern Ireland primary schools: what lessons have we learned?

In the United Kingdom tensions have existed for many years between the pedagogical traditions of pre‐school, which tend to adopt developmentally oriented practices, and the more formal or subject‐oriented curriculum framework of primary school. These tensions have been particularly acute in the context of Northern Ireland, which has the earliest school starting age throughout Europe. In response to international research evidence and practice, a play‐based and developmentally appropriate curriculum, known as the Enriched Curriculum (EC), was introduced as a pilot in Year 1 and 2 classes in over 100 primary schools in Northern Ireland between 2000 and 2002 and continued until the Foundation Stage became statutory for all primary schools in 2007. This paper outlines four key lessons that have been learned from the first four years of the evaluation of this experience. These include the value and the meaning of a play‐based curriculum; the importance of teachers’ confidence and knowledge; teaching reading in a play‐based curriculum; and easing transitions in a play‐based curriculum.     

Sailing in all winds: Technological search over the business cycle

Business cycles modify firms’ incentives to innovate and the direction of innovation. By introducing a new measure of patent unconventionality this paper explores the impact of the business cycle on firms’ technological search strategies. We find that during upturns firms generate inventions characterized by a higher level of technological unconventionality. We also find that financially resilient and diversified firms produce more unconventional patents. While patent unconventionality is associated with technological impact and market value, firms extract more value by investing in unconventional inventions in downturns.