Is the Internet a US invention?—an economic and technological history of computer networking

Although the inventions embodied in the Internet originated in a diverse set of industrial economies, the US was consistently the source of critical innovations and an early adopter of new applications. Why did other nations, including several that made important inventive contributions to the Internet, not play a larger role in its development, particularly in the creation of new business organizations, governance institutions, and applications? We argue that the role of the US “national innovation system” in the creation of the Internet echoes several key themes of US technological development before 1940. The presence of a large domestic market, a set of antitrust and regulatory policies that weakened the power of incumbent telecommunications firms, and a diverse private/public research community that was willing to work with both domestic and foreign inventions were important preconditions for US leadership in computer networking innovation.     

The discrete charm of the bourgeoisie: quantum and continuous perspectives on innovation and growth

This paper discusses the relative merits of discrete versus continuous perspectives on innovation, technical change, and economic growth. It discusses the innovation time series literature in some detail to extract the continuous and clustering properties of the historical record on innovation. It then proposes a mosaic/avalanche model based on percolation theory and self-organized criticality to address this question.     

Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study

This paper addresses the question of how technological transitions (TT) come about? Are there particular patterns and mechanisms in transition processes? TT are defined as major, long-term technological changes in the way societal functions are fulfilled. TT do not only involve changes in technology, but also changes in user practices, regulation, industrial networks, infrastructure, and symbolic meaning or culture. This paper practices ‘appreciative theory’ [R.R. Nelson, S.G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Bellknap Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982] and brings together insights from evolutionary economics and technology studies. This results in a multi-level perspective on TT where two views of the evolution are combined: (i) evolution as a process of variation, selection and retention, (ii) evolution as a process of unfolding and reconfiguration. The perspective is empirically illustrated with a qualitative longitudinal case-study, the transition from sailing ships to steamships, 1780–1900. Three particular mechanisms in TT are described: niche-cumulation, technological add-on and hybridisation, riding along with market growth.     

我国技术市场发展存在的问题及对策

本文分析了我国技术市场发展的历程、现状以及存在的问题，并针对这些问题提出了一些对策。     

Technological agglomeration and the emergence of clusters and networks in nanotechnology

Research and development at the nanoscale requires a large degree of integration, from convergence of research disciplines in new fields of enquiry to new linkages between start-ups, regional actors and research facilities. Based on the analysis of two clusters in nanotechnologies (MESA+ (Twente) and other centres in The Netherlands and Minatec in Grenoble in France), the paper discusses the phenomenon of technological agglomeration: co-located scientific and technological fields associated to coordinated technology platforms to some extent actively shaped by institutional entrepreneurs. Such co-location and coordination are probably a pre-requisite for the emergence of strong nanoclusters.     

城市是什么,如何发展——上海世博会的经济学意义

城市是人与人生活在一起的地方,人是城市的主体.城市的最主要价值应该是让人体会到生活之美好.科技进步是上海世博会的最大亮点,城市未来的发展依赖科技创新.文化传承与创新是城市发展的无形资本.上海世博会为人类可持续发展留下一份丰富的精神遗产,对我国城市化启示良多.     

新建本科院校科技服务社会的方式与创新策略——以池州学院为例

新建本科高校科技服务地方经济社会发展是其重要职能,服务方式主要有合作建立研究平台,联合申报科研项目,联合科技攻关,科技成果转化,科技特派员指导,区域文化研究与传播,区域决策咨询,科学普及等方式。     

技术干预模式:编目业务外包的一种新尝试

编目业务是图书馆专业技能要求较高的核心业务,如果外包质量控制不当,将导致图书馆信息资源组织质量下降。在编目业务外包过程中,图书馆采取技术培训、建立技术干预系统、加强技术干预后的跟踪和反馈等措施对外包人员实施技术干预,可以有效地控制编目外包质量,达到效率和质量的最佳平衡点。     

网络阅读环境探微

随着新技术的发展和网络的迅速普及,网络阅读这一新形式越来越受到重视,网络阅读环境也日渐成为人们关注的焦点。论文提出构成当前网络阅读环境的要素分为显性因素（包括技术因素、信息因素、语言文化因素等）和隐性因素（包括政治形态因素、商业利益因素等）,论文还对当前网络阅读环境状况及发展趋势进行梳理,并提出应倡导网络阅读主体意识的构建。     

Mapping the importance of the real world: The validity of connectivity analysis of patent citations networks

Recent empirical findings have questioned the use of patent citations as a measure. This points to the need of validation of patent citations methodologies, which we address by testing a recent methodology for studying technological evolution, namely connectivity analysis of citation networks. We find connectivity analysis to be a valid tool to identify the reliable knowledge which opens the way to further technological evolution of a surgical prosthesis, the artificial spinal disc. We also illustrate how connectivity analysis represents how this reliable knowledge differs depending on the stage of technological evolution. The corroborated validity of connectivity analysis of patent citations may trigger a renaissance in the use of this kind of patent data.