The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation: evidence from a Chilean wine cluster

Most analyses of the relationship between spatial clustering and the technological learning of firms have emphasised the influence of the former on the latter, and have focused on intra-cluster learning as the driver of innovative performance. This paper reverses those perspectives. It examines the influence of individual firms’ absorptive capacities on both the functioning of the intra-cluster knowledge system and its interconnection with extra-cluster knowledge. It applies social network analysis to identify different cognitive roles played by cluster firms and the overall structure of the knowledge system of a wine cluster in Chile. The results show that knowledge is not diffused evenly ‘in the air’, but flows within a core group of firms characterised by advanced absorptive capacities. Firms’ different cognitive roles include some—as in the case of technological gatekeepers—that contribute actively to the acquisition, creation and diffusion of knowledge. Others remain cognitively isolated from the cluster, though in some cases strongly linked to extra-cluster knowledge. Possible implications for policy are noted.     

Graduating in uncertain times: The impact of COVID-19 on recent graduate career prospects,trajectories and outcomes

This article examines the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on recent UK graduates' initial employment outcomes and how they experience the transition into a challenging labour market context. We draw on longitudinal survey and interview data, collected from recent graduates who had mainly graduated during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in summer 2020 that examines graduate perception of the labour market, impacts on labour market entry impacts and early career progression and effects of periods of unemployment or under-employment. The article shows some of the main impacts of the recent pandemic-affected labour market, including: widespread concerns about job opportunities and employer support, the perceived employment impacts of the pandemic and early signs of scarring and labour market disorientation amongst those who were struggling to find employment of their choice. Such experiences are clearly intensified during the specific COVID-19 context, but the policy implications they raise have wider relevance for supporting graduates during future periods of labour market volatility.     

情绪与学习：学业情绪的动态转换

学业情绪动态转换指教学或学习过程中与学习者学习相关的各种情绪体验之间的相互转换。对学业情绪的研究不是静态地集中于某一种情绪,如焦虑、厌烦、困惑、好奇、挫折感等,而是在考虑学习情境、互动对象和学习材料之间关系的基础上研究学习者的情绪变化。学业情绪动态转换研究对学习者学习及其持续发展具有重要的影响。本文在相关实验研究的基础上,总结了不同情绪之间的转换关系、研究情境、研究方法以及学业情绪的表情特征。未来研究中如果对学习者的个体差异、学习情境以及不同学业情绪的调节方式之间的关系进一步探索,可以更进一步促进情绪对学习的积极作用。     

科技成果评价指标体系研究

我国科技成果在转化过程中面临着诸多障碍,其中一个重要因素就是缺乏科学、完善的科技成果评价体制。针对这一问题,通过问卷调查,综合不同领域多位专家的意见并基于层次分析法,分别构建了技术开发类应用技术成果、社会公益类应用技术成果和软科学研究成果的评价指标体系。这套评价指标体系的建立在一定程度上能够为科技部门进行科学、合理的科技成果评价提供理论参考。     

斯坦福国际研究院的创新管理分析——基于组织学习和知识管理视角

以斯坦福国际研究院(SRI)为案例,分析了其创新管理“五项守则”及创新成果转化的实践,指出了值得知识密集型科技服务机构借鉴的创新管理经验:围绕组织学习来构建创新活动管理的总体运行机制;相应地设计切合知密集型创新活动特征的管理工具、构建创新管理文化;并依据知识活动的系统性来开展创新成果转化.     

发展产业技术创新服务平台的战略与措施——上海地面交通工具风洞中心的启示

本文通过同济大学上海地面交通工具风洞中心建设与发展的案例分析,为我国产业技术创新服务平台的建设提供有益的战略思路与措施借鉴.在分析其发展历程以及建设运行体制、特点的基础上,从载体、组织定位、机制创新、协同发展等方面剖析上海地面交通工具风洞中心的发展对建设技术创新服务平台的借鉴与启示,并提出推动我国产业技术创新服务平台发展的政策建议.     

论技术时代的人文教育及其意义——以高等教育为例

随着经济社会的发展,技术化及其相关问题日显突出,尖锐技术不仅规定了人们的思想,也影响着教育观念与人的培养。因此,在大学的教育与教学里,充分开展人文教育,才能有效地克服与纠正人的教育的技术化及其弊端,进而促成人向自身的本性的回归,以实现人的自我完善与全面发展。     

青岛国际生态智慧城的低碳发展模式与减排潜力研究

创建青岛国际生态智慧城,是青岛经济技术开发区为建设西海岸经济新区、实现经济"二次转型"而作出的重大战略决策。智慧城应把"生态、低碳"作为重要基础与基本理念,把"构建四个体系、落实三大任务,促进两个转变,贯穿一条主线"作为低碳发展的总体思路。通过能源资源节约利用、可再生能源替代化石能源、增加碳汇等三个主要途径,到2015年减排二氧化碳潜力预计可达到80万吨/年的水平。     

Situating ICT in the teacher education program: Overcoming challenges, fulfilling expectations

This exploratory case study examined pre-service teachers’ expectations of and attitudes toward the learning and integrating of ICT into their teaching, and their perceptions of the availability and use of ICT in the Teacher Education Program (TEP) and their placement schools. For two years in a row the researchers collected data through online survey and focus group meetings. The findings confirm what has been reported in the literature, but also identify some challenges which may be present internationally in TEPs, such as inadequate access to ICT both in TEPs and in schools, and lack of modeling by tertiary instructors.     

应用AHP法分析影响学生合理选择高职类院校的诸因素

应用AHP法分析了学生合理选择学校的诸因素,有利于科学合理地改善办学条件,充分发挥办学优势和办学特色,提高教学质量,进而提高报到率,使高职院校得到长足发展。评价主要结果是：考生优先选择经济较发达的中心城市公办高职院校,其次为地方性经济欠发达地区的公办高职院校,再次为民办高职院校。同时反映出学生是选择学校的最主要的因素,其次是学校因素,而社会因素对学生选择学校的影响程度相对比较弱。