企业间合作知识创造的结构化演变机理研究

深入理解合作知识创造机理有助于构建有效的合作知识创造管理模式,促进企业间的合作知识创造进程。可是,由于合作企业在战略规划、利益机制、企业文化和管理模式等方面存在差异,合作知识创造的机理非常复杂。在阐明结构化理论和合作知识创造理论一致性的基础上,应用结构二重性原理,从合作博弈、表意结构、支配结构和合法化结构四个维度对企业间合作知识创造的结构化演变机理进行了剖析,并构建了基于结构化模态的合作知识创造管理模式,以有效提高企业间合作知识创造绩效。     

区域创新系统动态演化的博弈机制研究

区域创新系统是企业与科研机构之间合作创新、学习决策和动态博弈的系统。为揭示区域创新系统演化的复杂性及其动态演化路径,把学习竞争模型和演化博弈模型引入区域创新系统动态演化研究来分析区域创新系统动态演化的初始条件、内在决定因素、动态环境下企业与科研机构合作创新过程以及合作创新模式的演变。分析表明:区域创新系统的演化方向与博弈双方的支付矩阵、学习行为和能力、系统演化的初始状态等相关,而科研机构与企业合作创新的协同收益、引致风险损失、初始成本以及双方的贴现因子则是影响区域创新系统动态演化的关键因素。     

An empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption of data mining tools

Previous studies explored the adoption of various information technologies. However, there is little empirical research on factors influencing the adoption of data mining tools (DMTs), particularly at an individual level. This study investigates how users perceive and adopt DMTs to broaden practical knowledge for the business intelligence community. First, this study develops a theoretical model based on the Technology Acceptance Model 3, and then examines its perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and its ability to explain users’ intentions to use DMTs. The model's determinants include 4 categories: the task-oriented dimension (job relevance, output quality, result demonstrability, response time, and format), control beliefs (computer self-efficacy and perceptions of external control), emotion (computer anxiety), and intrinsic motivation (computer playfulness). This study also surveys the moderating effect of experience and output quality on the determinants of DMT adoption and use. An empirical study involving 206 DMT users was conducted to evaluate the model using structural equation modeling. Results demonstrate that the proposed model explains 58% of the variance. The findings of this study have interesting implications with respect to DMT adoption, both for researchers and practitioners.     

Investigating effectiveness and user acceptance of semantic social tagging for knowledge sharing

Social tagging systems enable users to assign arbitrary tags to various digital resources. However, they face vague-meaning problems when users retrieve or present resources with the keyword-based tags. In order to solve these problems, this study takes advantage of Semantic Web technology and the topological characteristics of knowledge maps to develop a system that comprises a semantic tagging mechanism and triple-pattern and visual searching mechanisms. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and user acceptance of these mechanisms in a knowledge sharing context. The results show that the semantic social tagging system is more effective than a keyword-based system. The visualized knowledge map helps users capture an overview of the knowledge domain, reduce cognitive effort for the search, and obtain more enjoyment. Traditional keyword tagging with a keyword search still has the advantage of ease of use and the users had higher intention to use it. This study also proposes directions for future development of semantic social tagging systems.     

Contractual governance and the choice of dispute-resolution mechanisms: Evidence on technology licensing

In fast-paced and knowledge-intensive environments, licensing partnerships can be powerful levers for market expansion. Research on the management of technology-oriented licenses has nonetheless pointed out the risks of corrosive disputes caused by conflicting interests or misunderstandings among licensing partners. The choice made ex ante on mechanisms for resolving potential disputes is of prime importance in the execution of licensing exchanges. Although the legal literature has widely emphasized the advantages of arbitration towards litigation, public ordering remains the “default” option in managers’ eyes. By adopting a transaction cost economics logic, our study explores the conditions under which licensing partners may prefer arbitration over public ordering during the contractual-design phase. In accordance with our theoretical arguments, findings show that the occurrence of arbitration provisions increases when the coordination orientation adopted by licensing partners is extensive. In situations where both monitoring and coordination orientations are simultaneously extensive, results reveal a greater propensity to prefer arbitration over public ordering. Our research therefore supports the view that corporate decision-makers tend to favor the conciliatory stance and compromising awards typically associated with arbitration, only when exchanges are expected to be highly coordinative. Their preference for arbitration over litigation is magnified when the coordination orientation develops alongside the monitoring orientation.     

Multi-lagged-input iterative dynamic linearization based data-driven adaptive iterative learning control

This article presents a multi-lagged-input based data-driven adaptive iterative learning control (M-DDAILC) method for nonlinear multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems by virtue of multi-lagged-input iterative dynamic linearization (IDL). The original nonlinear and non-affine MIMO system is equivalently transformed into a linear input-output incremental counterpart without loss of dynamics. The proposed learning law utilizes the desired trajectory to cancel the influence from iteration-by-iteration variations, as well as additional multi-lagged inputs to improve control performance. The developed iterative estimation law is more effective and also makes estimation of the unknown parameters easier because the dynamics for each parameter to represent are decreased by dividing the system into multiple components in the multi-lagged-input IDL formulation. Moreover, the proposed M-DDAILC does not need an explicit and accurate model. It is proved to be iteratively convergent with rigorous analysis. Both a numerical example and a practical application to a permanent magnet linear motor are provided to verify the validity and applicability of the proposed method.     

科技进步法第20条和第21条的立法比较与完善

 结合科技进步法第20条和第21条有关规定,对照美国拜杜法案等有关内容,从比较法角度考察了中国与美国、日本、中国台湾地区、俄罗斯等国(地区)在上述立法模式选择及其制度安排上的异同。比较法制反思表明,我国将国家资助科技项目成果的知识产权保护与转化纳入科技进步法加以调整,其立法模式选择符合创新型国家建设的现实国情,不过其立法制度安排的体系化仍有待进一步推进。在其有关立法模式选择及其制度安排方面既要参照比较法制成果,更要体现本国科研体制及其社会发展需要。在其有关法制建设重心方面既要规范政府介入权行使,更要完善其权利配置机制并培育其知识产权意识。     

国外农业技术创新体系建设的经验及对我国的启示

本文从组织构成和运行机制的角度,分析了国外农业技术创新体系的突出特点以及建设经验,对当前我国农业技术创新体系的建设提出了建议。     

技术的演化和演化的技术政策

 指出主流的新古典理论和技术革命论在解释技术变迁中的不足,认为技术变迁是一个在原有技术基础上逐步改进、类似生物进化的演化过程。因此技术政策应摈弃主流理论的均衡观点和革命观点,从演化理论出发制定符合技术变迁规律的技术政策。这也为我国的技术政策提供了若干启示。     

国产十种乌头的染色体研究

本文描述了我国产毛茛科乌头属的10个种的染色体数目和形态。  根据该属染色体基 数为8(x＝8)，可将这些种归为二倍体、四倍体、六倍体和八倍体种。  10种乌头的染色体在数目、大小、结构上表现出相关性。其中具根状茎而多年生的种多为二倍体，染色体形态较大，第3-7号多为近端着丝点(st)染色体, 具块茎而二年生的种多为多倍体，染色体形态较小，第3-7号多为近中着丝点(sm)染色体。染色体演化方向可能是二倍体→多倍体、大→ 小、st→sm。这进一步证明根状茎种较块茎种原始。根据染色体数目和形态，又可将这些种的染色体分为两类。这进一步支持了目前分类学上的牛扁亚属和乌头亚属的划分。本文还讨论了这些种的有关分类问题。