简述科技查新对企业技术创新的作用

通过分析江西省中小企业在技术创新方面存在的问题,结合科技查新工作,提出提升我省中小企业技术创新能力的建议和对策。     

Is small actually big? The chaos of technological change

In this paper, we develop themes from complexity and chaos theory that help to explain the technological change process. We apply two quantifiers, correlation dimensions and Lyapunov exponents, to examine the signs and degrees of chaotic technological dynamics. To illustrate our ideas, we study the development of electronic displays from 1976 to 2010, using patent data. The results of the chaos model are matched against the profiles of patent citations. Our analysis contributes to the development of a chaotic model of technological change.     

Light emitting diodes and the lighting revolution: The emergence of a solid-state lighting industry

Emergence of new industries from evolving technologies is critical to the global economy, yet has been relatively understudied due to the paucity of available data. This study draws lessons on industry emergence, by analyzing how a solid-state lighting (SSL) industry grew out of light emitting diode (LED) technologies that evolved for half a century, with participation by tens of thousands of researchers in universities, national laboratories, and firms. Using data on publications, patents, and firms combined with business history we trace the evolution of SSL through a succession of market niches. At times a few researchers with unorthodox research approaches made breakthroughs that greatly advanced particular technology trajectories and pushed LED research in unexpected directions. A succession of LED market niches advanced the technology and provided profits to incentivize continuing research while reducing cost and improving efficacy of LEDs. Innovating firms developed a thicket of patents and captured substantial profit, but were embroiled in extensive litigation that was ultimately resolved through cross-licensing. A major new generation of lighting products is now disrupting the traditional lighting industry. Although the leading incumbent lighting firms all invested early and heavily in SSL, the industry's future leadership is uncertain.     

Financial information management for university departments,using open-source software

This paper presents a model to analyse the different outcomes generated by the application of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) theory to economic and financial information management in university departments. This model extends that proposed by Goodhue (1995), in two ways: (i) a key role is played by the manager in designing the technology and in performing the task in question. Both of these aspects can be modified, depending on the evaluation made of a series of characteristics (or dimensions) inherent to the model. (ii) The free dissemination of the source code of the application not only allows the transfer of knowledge, but also creates virtual communities which, through collaborative work and the exchange of experiences, can achieve a better fit of the technology to the task at hand. This model has been introduced in several departments at the University of Granada (Spain), and evaluated in terms of the results obtained at both individual and group levels. This evaluation was conducted by means of in-depth interviews with departmental managers.     

Sustainability transitions: A political coalition perspective

In the case of technology transitions to low-carbon sources of energy, there is growing evidence that even in countries with a strong political consensus in favor of a transition, the pace has been slow in comparison with the need to reduce greenhouse gases. One factor that affects the slowness of the transition is political resistance from the incumbent industrial regime. Using data on the mobilization of resistance from the fossil-fuel industry in the United States, the study builds on the growing literature on the political dimensions of sustainability transitions by drawing attention to the role of incumbent regime coalitions, grassroots coalitions in support of green transition policies, and countervailing industrial power. Case studies of political coalitions for ballot propositions in the U.S. are used to show how countervailing industrial power, especially from the technology and financial sector, can tip the balance of electoral spending in favor of grassroots organizations.     

我国城市专利产出的空间俱乐部收敛特征研究

运用ESDA方法对1997-2009年我国341个城市专利产出的时空演变特征进行分析;在此基础上构建空间计量模型,对我国城市专利产出的空间俱乐部收敛特征进行检验,并探讨其形成机制。研究结果表明:我国城市专利产出的空间自相关特征十分显著,且空间依赖程度在考察期内持续增强,由此带来城市专利产出空间差异在全国层面趋于发散。然而,在依据空间依赖模式进行分组的区域内部却表现出相异的时空演变特征。在H-H和L-L两个"空间俱乐部"内部,城市专利产出均呈现趋同迹象,但H-H组趋同特征不具显著性,同时组间专利产出差距不断扩大。研究在一定程度上揭示了空间异质性、局域地理溢出对专利产出整体发散和多稳态趋同的贡献和推动作用,并在此分析的基础上提出了相应的对策建议。     

GP S软件接收机跟踪算法研究

全球定位系统（GPS）软件接收机被广泛应用于卫星信号的精确定位。在接收机跟踪算法中,载波跟踪环路采用了Costas环,以保证对180度相位翻转不敏感;码跟踪环路采用了性能良好的归一化超前减滞后码相位鉴别器,以确保对信号的准确跟踪。最后提出了窄相关技术,在噪声和多径干扰条件下能够有效降低码跟踪误差。     

基于Web数据挖掘的研究与应用

随着Internet的迅速发展及Web的全球普及,数据挖掘技术已经在各个领域、各个行业展现了它的巨大作用。通过分析Web及数据挖掘的特点,列举出数据挖掘在Web基础上的具体应用。     

基于WebGL技术和Oak3D引擎的交互式三维地球模型研究

使用WebGL技术和Oak3D引擎对三维地球进行了模拟。该模型与平台无关,简便高效,使用简单,具有良好的Web交互性,不需要任何浏览器插件支持,对互联网时代的3D可视化实现具有一定的参考价值。     

科技立项评估及信息采集

科技立项评估是为科技计划立项提供决策咨询,其评估质量的好坏取决于评估结论必须要符合科技管理、科技决策原则要求、所在领域的科技规律,必须要有事实依据的支撑,因此相关的信息采集十分重要。本文对尝试科技立项评估及其信息采集的要求、内容、方法、注意问题进行多角度分析。