Item validation of online postsecondary courses: rating the proximity between similarity and dissimilarity among item pairs (Validation study series I: multidimensional scaling)

The purpose of this study was to identify and validate items applicable to evaluating online courses at the postsecondary level. Items were derived from a review of the literature. Four judges rated the similarity of the items by making pair-wise comparisons utilizing multidimensional scaling (MDS). The study consisted of five stages. Stage I involved identifying items. Stage II involved validating items. Stage III involved sampling. Stage IV involved developing an online MDS instrument accommodating the 4,851 ([99 * 98]/2) pair-wise comparisons and rating them. Stage V involved data collection and analysis. The results of the MDS study indicated a three-dimensional solution (Accessibility, Adaptability, and Clarity of Communication) as the appropriate model for analysis. The three-dimensional solution indicated .24222 for the fit values of STRESS and .74 for R-squared. Four clusters were identified as Contextual Accommodation, Instructional Access, Guided Learning, and Organizational Clarity.

提高外版图书翻译质量浅议

从译者选择和编辑加工两方面,分析科技类译著中经常出现的影响译著质量的问题,为提高翻译图书质量提供借鉴。     

A study of prolonged jaundice screen in healthy term babies

Prolonged jaundice in most of the term babies is associated with breast milk but in some cases it can be a marker for a range of hepatobiliary, hematological, metabolic, endocrine, infectious and genetic disorders that are associated with significant mortality and morbidity if not diagnosed in time. A diagnosis of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia warrants urgent investigation. Protocols for investigating prolonged jaundice screen vary in complexity and the yield from screen has not been assessed. In order to address these issues, we carried out a study on healthy term babies referred to our day unit with prolonged jaundice. Infants were examined by pediatrician and investigations done as per unit protocol. Prolonged jaundice screen was found to be helpful in excluding biliary atresia and to support the diagnosis of breast milk jaundice. Present study concluded that negative prolonged jaundice screen is reassuring in healthy term babies and further investigations are unwarranted unless otherwise specified.     

数字图书馆关键技术的分析与启示(下)

2　中国的数字图书馆关键技术研究进展2 1　信息的捕获与创建技术　　 1999年 11月 2 4日 ,北京汉王科技公司召开了“专业ＯＣＲ技术成果发布会” ,会上演示了该公司的专业ＯＣＲ (光学字符识别 )技术及相关产品。汉王公司这次推出的“新世纪ＯＣＲ”版本在专业化方面进了一大步。该版本提供快速准确的纯中英文识别功能 ,识别率达到 99 9% ,中英文混排识别率可达到 98%以上 ,对较工整的手写文稿识别率在 95 %左右 ,识别速度达 15 0字 秒 (ＰＩＩ2 66)。在版面分析方面 ,新世纪ＯＣＲ具有自动版面分析功能 ,能够自动区分文字、表格和图像等…     

自学与教师素质的提升

如何促使中小学教师素质发展适应当前课程改革的要求,是一个亟待解决的现实问题。文章对中小学教师素质的现状进行了分析,并提出了教师素质提升、非学制自学和用新的证明方式承认自学能力的观点。     

也谈单汉字标引法

单汉字标引法是在基于汉语分词的自动标引研究遇到不可克服的困难之后，而产生的一种新的自动标引方法。本文集中列举了它的9大优点，同时也指出了它的缺点和不足，呼呈学术界加强研究，以期使之更加完善和实用。     

中文文献自动标引过程研究

自动标引是现代信息检索研究工作的重点之一，论述了自动标引的整个过程中所应该注意的问题，并描绘了自动标引的流程图。     

Learning transferable skills through adventure education: The role of an authentic process

Abstract

The purpose of this study is threefold: (a) to explore what 18 adolescents learned while participating in a three week long adventure program, (b) to examine how they learned while on the program, and (c) to determine what program outcomes they considered most applicable to their home environments, or which learning is “transferable”. To address these purposes, 18 participants 13–18 years old on 14 different three-week long sail and dive training courses were interviewed. The study found that participants learned both hard skills (e.g., sailing and diving) and life skills. They learned these skills experientially, by observing and receiving feedback from others, by exposure to new and different persons, and through the authenticity of needing to learn these skills through the course design. Participants reported that the life skills were most likely to be applicable after course completion in the home environment. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Term disambiguation techniques based on target document collection for cross-language information retrieval: An empirical comparison of performance between techniques

Dictionary-based query translation for cross-language information retrieval often yields various translation candidates having different meanings for a source term in the query. This paper examines methods for solving the ambiguity of translations based on only the target document collections. First, we discuss two kinds of disambiguation technique: (1) one is a method using term co-occurrence statistics in the collection, and (2) a technique based on pseudo-relevance feedback. Next, these techniques are empirically compared using the CLEF 2003 test collection for German to Italian bilingual searches, which are executed by using English language as a pivot. The experiments showed that a variation of term co-occurrence based techniques, in which the best sequence algorithm for selecting translations is used with the Cosine coefficient, is dominant, and that the PRF method shows comparable high search performance, although statistical tests did not sufficiently support these conclusions. Furthermore, we repeat the same experiments for the case of French to Italian (pivot) and English to Italian (non-pivot) searches on the same CLEF 2003 test collection in order to verity our findings. Again, similar results were observed except that the Dice coefficient outperforms slightly the Cosine coefficient in the case of disambiguation based on term co-occurrence for English to Italian searches.     

推进短学期制度改革，提升地方师范院校教胄质量-以乐山师范学院为例

在高等教育转型的过程中,短学期制已经成为高校教学管理制度改革的一种重要的制度形式。乐山师范学院自2011年暑期开始推行短学期制度改革。本文结合学校教学管理改革实践,从课程与教学、师资配置和教学管理等方面就如何完善地方本科师范院校短学期实践教学作出几点思考。