Prevalence of insulin resistance in first degree relatives of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: A prospective study in north Indian population

A total of 172 first degree relatives (FDRs) and 178 controls were included in this study. All the cases and controls were subjected to various anthropometric measurements, fasting and postprandial glucose estimation, fasting insulin measurement and fasting lipid profile. Results revealed the prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) (cases 37% Vs controls 11.6%), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) (cases 34.3% Vs controls 11.2%) and diabetes (cases 11.05% controls 3.37%) was significantly higher in first degree relatives. Insulin resistance was measured using various methods, which included fasting plasma insulin (FPI), Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA_IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (Mffm/l). Prevalence of insulin resistance (Insulin Resistance) as observed comparing FPI and HOMA_IR in cases and controls was 43.6% and 11.24% (P=0.005) and 37.8% and 12.47% (P=0.000) respectively. Prevalence of IR (Insulin Resistance) observed in cases having Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT), Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus measuring FPI Vs HOMA_IR was 37.5% vs 30.2%, 45% vs 40%, 38.98% vs 37.28% and 36.84% vs 31.57% as accordingly. However, ISI (Mffm/l) was not found to be a promising index for IR due to its poor specificity. Though HOMA is taken as gold standard for measurement of IR globally, our study observed fasting plasma insulin representing high sensitivity (89.7%) and specificity (93.3%) as compared to HOMA. Thus FPI had emerged in this work as a simple and reliable test for diagnosing insulin resistance across the population susceptible to develop diabetes including FDRs.     

Dialogue as philosophical inquiry in the teaching of tolerance and sympathy

Classroom conversations designed to foster mutual understanding encourage students to listen in a way that is receptive, open, and self-eclipsing. Such an emphasis on tolerance makes these conversations vulnerable to relativism and cynicism. I argue that dialogical philosophical inquiry diminishes such threats, as it fosters mutual appreciation of community and individuality. I offer three reasons for this in the context of a graduate-level course for teachers on dialogical philosophical inquiry. First, the inquiry into shared concepts creates a sense of commonality that transcends differences: all humans seek wisdom irrespective of its form. Second, dialogical philosophical inquiry prompts students to discover the inherent limitations of their perspectives, and to internalize the perspective of the other as a constant in their own thinking. Third, students are given an opportunity to practice relations with others that are informed by the first two points. In dialogical philosophical inquiry students reflect on their thinking together in an effort to improve it. The philosophers referred to in this article include Martin Buber, Nicholas Burbules, Jim Garrison and Leonard Waks.

大豆根瘤菌对不同微肥及pH耐性的筛选

在YMA平板上对14株大豆根瘤菌进行Fe、Co、B、Mo、Zn及p H的耐性试验。结果表明,在柠檬酸铁浓度为0.05%时,64%的供试菌株能生长,当浓度增至0.25%时,所有菌株均不生长;在氯化钴浓度为0.005%时,57%的供试菌株能正常生长,当浓度增至0.025%时,所有菌株均不生长;在硼酸浓度为0.04%时64%供试菌株能正常生长,当浓度上升到0.10%时,所有菌株生长均受抑制或不生长;在钼酸钠浓度为0.4%时供试菌株均能生长,当浓度增至0.6%时,有36%的菌株能正常生长;在硫酸锌浓度为0.025%时有36%的菌株能正常生长,当浓度增至0.075%时,所有菌株受抑制或不生长。表明供试菌株对钼、硼的耐性较强,而对锌、铁、钴的耐性较弱;不同根瘤菌株对同一微量元素的耐性差异较大,同一根瘤菌对不同微量元素的耐性也有差异。多数菌株在p H6.0~8.0范围内生长正常,耐碱能力比耐酸能力强。其中AWCS13-4菌株耐受微量元素和酸碱度能力最强。     

合理选择轴承和公差 降低电机噪声和振动

给出了实用的电机安装前轴承噪声的筛选方法;指出了轴承档与轴承室对轴承形变的理论依据,并通过实验总结出了降低电机轴承噪声公差的合理范围。     

教师耐受力自我提升策略

教师耐受力是指教师在不利的环境条件下职业生存、专业成长的能力,具体包括对所受困难和挫折忍耐的程度、克服的强度。由于教育"场域"的压迫性力量以及教师的社会性不足,致使教师耐受力的缺失,教师可以通过淬炼自我弹性、经常阅读、把简单的事情做好、磨课、增强自我效能感、放慢工作和生活节奏、提升社会的适应能力等来自我提升耐受力。     

企业风险容忍性问题及对策研究

由金融危机引发的经济萧条还在蔓延,危机的持续时间和底限仍难以预见,危机中陷入困境的众多企业在依靠自身的承受力维持生命,这就是企业风险容忍性问题,也是本文讨论的焦点。本文将以房地产企业为例,论述企业容忍性的相关知识,包括企业容忍性和环境及代价之间的博弈平衡关系．对给企业发展带来风险的不确定环境的划分和企业发展临界点的预测等,通过对企业容忍性的研究．试图指导企业构建出应对危机的有效途径。     

基于K等价度容差关系的变精度粗糙集模型及其应用

针对K等价度容差关系,提出了一种基于K等价度容差关系的变精度粗糙集模型,该模型是变精度粗糙集模型在不完备信息系统中的拓展。给出了K等价度容差关系下变精度粗糙集模型的上近似、下近似、和负域的定义以及近似质量和粗糙测度定义,并详细地讨论了上下近似算子的性质。最后,实例分析该模型在信息处理中应用的有效性。     

英语网络阅读、焦虑及模糊容忍度的相关性研究

该研究采用了三个不同的量表,收集了109名非英语专业学生的英语测试焦虑、模糊容忍度以及英语网络阅读成绩的有关情况,然后利用社会科学统计软件包SPSS(11.0版本)对所得的原始数据进行处理与分析,所得结论如下:英语测试焦虑、模糊容忍度和阅读理解总成绩之间呈两两显著相关;其中,焦虑与阅读成绩、焦虑与模糊容忍度之间呈显著负相关;模糊容忍度与阅读成绩之间呈显著正相关。     

论宽容的社会治理

宽容的社会环境是现代社会发展的内在要求,也是现代社会治理的主要目标。现代社会治理具有重要宽容内涵和宽容特征。实现宽容的社会治理对于构建现代社会治理体系和创新社会治理具有重要意义。要实现宽容的社会治理必须以宽容理念为原则处理好治理主体和治理客体之间的关系、治理目标和治理手段之间的关系以及传统社会治理和现代社会治理之间的关系。     

甘地宗教思想特征探析

甘地宗教思想是一个庞杂的体系,具有鲜明而独特的特征,表现在两个方面:一是对宗教和谐与宗教多元的重视,包括宗教统一、宗教平等和宗教宽容;二是对人的解放与人的价值的重视,包括宗教实践和宗教人道主义。甘地的宗教思想不仅是打开甘地思想和行为的一把钥匙,而且也是解析当今世界宗教冲突的一剂良方。