The misallocation of students to academic sets in maths: A study of secondary schools in England

Drawing upon data gathered from 9301 Year 7 students (12–13 years old) from 46 secondary schools in England, this study represents the first larger-scale attempt to compare their actual set allocations in maths with the counterfactual position where their allocation to sets is based solely on their prior attainment at the end of primary school [using their Key Stage 2 (KS2) fine-grained scores in maths]. Through such an analysis, the study found that nearly a third of students (31.2%) had been misallocated to lower or higher sets than their KS2 results would have warranted. Beyond this, school setting practices were found to exacerbate differences in set allocation in relation to gender and ethnicity, but not socioeconomic background. The odds of girls being misallocated to lower sets in maths than their prior attainment would warrant was found to be 1.5 times higher than that for boys. Similarly, the odds of Black students being misallocated to lower sets was 2.4 times higher than for White students, whilst the odds of Asian students being misallocated to lower maths sets was 1.7 times higher than for White students. The article concludes by reflecting on the significant role that setting by attainment in secondary school can play in exacerbating already established patterns of educational inequalities in gender and ethnicity.     

大学生健身意识和健身行为对体质影响的追踪研究

摘要：目的：探讨影响大学生体质状况的健身意识和健身行为因素,构建影响大学生体质水平的健身意识和健身行为模型,为提高大学生体质与健康水平提供理论借鉴和模型参考。方法：运用广义估计模型（GEE）分析大学生体质的影响因素,以健身意识和健身行为因素（共15个指标）为自变量,山西省8所大学385名大学生（2011—2014）3年的纵向追踪体质测试成绩为因变量,控制年龄、性别2变量作用,构建大学生体质水平与健身意识和健身行为模型。结果：大学生体质水平与健身意识和健身行为模型指标为锻炼对健康的作用、消遣娱乐的健身目的、锻炼运动量、自行车和力量健美项目。回归方程如下：?=36.07+1.96X消遣娱乐的健身目的+4.25X锻炼对健康作用+2.71X自行车+3.52X力量健美+ 21.86X运动量1+23.84X运动量2+24.3X运动量3+26.22X运动量4+24.08X运动量6+21.11X运动量9。结论：1)健身意识层面提高大学生体质水平,“加强大学生对运动促进健康的认识”、“宣传运动带来快乐的理念”是两个突破口。2)提高大学生体质水平最有效周训练量为：每周3～4次×每次30～60 min。3)提高大学生体质水平有效的运动形式为有氧训练（如自行车）和/或力量训练。     

基于非奇异终端滑模的船舶航迹跟踪自抗扰控制

针对欠驱动船舶受到外界因素和内部不确定状态变量的干扰不能沿着期望路径航行的问题,设计了基于非奇异终端滑模(Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode, NTSM)的自抗扰控制器(Active Disturbance Rejection Controller, ADRC).引入自抗扰控制技术,通过扩张状态观测器实时估计船舶外界和内部总干扰;对船舶Nomoto模型进行变形简化,将NTSM和指数趋近律引入到非线性状态误差反馈环节,设计基于NTSM的ADRC控制律,在保证ADRC优点的前提下可减少可调参数,提高系统的收敛速度和稳态跟踪精度;构造降维方程,将复杂的航迹跟踪控制问题转化为易于实现的航向镇定问题.Simulink仿真结果表明,利用该控制器船舶能够快速、精确地跟踪期望直线和曲线航迹,控制器具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于物联网的矿山供电防误识别管理系统的应用

通过分析我国现有矿山供电防误识别管理系统的基本现状,对于防误识别跟踪智能管理系统进行了总体介绍,同时对系统的构建、系统组成做了系统描述,也对应用系统建立后产生的实际实施效果做了简单地总结描述.     

Knowledge Integration in Science Learning: Tracking Students' Knowledge Development and Skill Acquisition with Cognitive Diagnosis Models

In scientific literacy, knowledge integration (KI) is a scaffolding-based theory to assist students' scientific inquiry learning. To drive students to be self-directed, many courses have been developed based on KI framework. However, few efforts have been made to evaluate the outcome of students' learning under KI instruction. Moreover, finer-grained information has been pursued to better understand students' learning and how it progresses over time. In this article, a normative procedure of building and choosing cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) and attribute hierarchies was formulated under KI theory. We examined the utility of CDMs for evaluating students' knowledge status in KI learning. The results of the data analysis confirmed an intuitive assumption of the hierarchical structure of KI components. Furthermore, analysis of pre- and posttests using a higher-order, hidden Markov model tracked students' skill acquisition while integrating knowledge. Results showed that students make significant progress after using the web-based inquiry science environment (WISE) platform.     

民机供应商综合评估实证研究

利用层次分析法对民机供应商进行综合评估,并根据评估结果对民机供应商进行跟踪反馈,通过实例证明了方法简单易行,为民机航材供应商的选择提供了参考.     

Robust nonlinear control of continuous stirred tank reactors

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网络调查在毕业生就业质量跟踪统计软件中的应用

随着传媒行业的发展和网络的普及，为及时了解企业对毕业生的满意度、毕业生对工作的胜任度等，以更好的为毕业生创造良好就业环境提供服务，特别是在高等院校以数据分析对分布在全国各地的、大量的毕业生就业与企业对毕业生使用双向情况予以调查工作中，网络这一传媒手段愈来愈发挥着不可替代的作用。     

跟踪管理视角下人力资源管理育人机制的新探索

目前我国人力资源管理获得了一定的发展,但就总体而言,尚处在起步阶段,人力资源管理制度在不同组织的建设、发展程度具有很大的不平衡性。人力资源管理制度建设远远不够完善和成熟,既有观念陈旧、理念不新等意识层面的问题,也有操作不科学、效益低下等实际层面的问题,其中,“育人机制”建设更是亟待加强。文章分析了目前我国人力资源管理在育人机制方面存在的种种不足,将经济领域的“跟踪管理”理念引入人力资源管理范畴,探索了这一理念在加强人力资源管理育人机制建设方面的作用和具体措施。     

主题追踪在医药卫生体制改革舆情监测系统中的应用

介绍医药卫生体制改革舆情监测系统的基本框架,针对主题追踪环节的关键技术问题进行详细阐述,并提出采用改进KNN方法进行主题模型构建的思路。实验结果表明,医药卫生体制改革舆情监测系统中的主题追踪具有较好的准确率和召回率。