Reasons for suboptimal learning in medical microbiology

Medical microbiology presents a challenge to undergraduate students, mostly due to its extensive content and complexity of unfamiliar terminology. In addition to a narrative review of the literature, we report findings on students’ motivation for and approach to learning in the Infections module of an undergraduate medical curriculum, and their perceived lack of retention of knowledge acquired in the module, as determined by a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire. When students experienced information overload, they reverted to performance goals and the wrong motivation for learning. Their focus turned primarily to being successful in tests and examinations, and they consequently adopted a surface approach to learning. Surface learning and memorisation of facts without understanding its content usually result in moderate retention of knowledge, which could handicap the development of clinical reasoning. However, the concern about students’ perceived poor retention of knowledge can be laid to rest – the prognosis is not discouraging after all.     

Impact of Anatomy Boot Camp on Students in a Medical Gross Anatomy Course

Lincoln Memorial University‐DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine (LMU‐DCOM) offers an optional three‐week summer Anatomy Boot Camp course (ABC) to facilitate students' transition into medical school and promote retention of anatomy subject matter. The pre‐matriculation program is a supplemental instruction course that utilizes a small group learning format. Boot camp instruction is led by teaching assistants and two anatomy professors. Enrollees gain early exposure to Medical Gross Anatomy (MGA) course subject matter, which is taught in the fall semester, and learn study skills necessary to excel in medical school. No grade is assigned for the course, therefore participants can study without the fear of potentially affecting grades. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the LMU‐DCOM ABC course using data from four consecutive summers. Independent two‐sample t‐tests were used to compare ABC to non‐ABC students for the following variables: incoming grade point average (GPA) and Medical College Admission Test® (MCAT®) scores, MGA written and laboratory practical examination grades, and final MGA course grade. Additionally, a 26‐question survey was administered to 2012–2014 boot camp participants. There were no significant differences in incoming GPA and MCAT scores. However, boot campers scored significantly higher on the first two lecture and laboratory examinations (P < 0.05) for each year of the study. Thereafter scores varied less, suggesting a faster head start for boot camp participants. Mean MGA final grade was on average 3% higher for the boot camp cohort. The survey feedback supports that the ABC course assists with the academic and social transition into medical school. Anat Sci Educ 10: 215–223. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

医学生的个性特征对学习成绩的影响

该研究的目的在于研究与其他专业的学生相比，医学生的个性特征中哪种更典型，更能影响医学生的临床前期课程学习。1997年，有785名学生进入了弗兰米西地区的大学学习医学，其中631名学生(占80．4％)进行了个性五因素的测定量表(NEO-PI-R表)测量，914名捷特大学其它7个专业的一年级学生也做了同样的测量。该研究还调查了这些医学生的期末成绩，第一学年有607名，第二学年413名，第三学年341名。结果表明，医学生的“外倾性”和“随和性”因素分值最高，“责任心”因素对临床前期的学习成绩的预测作用很大，“责任心”因素分值低而具有“社交”、“冒险”个性特征的学生更有可能无法通过考试。     

论医疗责任事故中的违反注意义务标准

“违反医疗中的注意义务”是医疗过失的本质。违反注意义务的判断标准在刑法理论上分歧较大。英美法系存在着客观说与主客观统一说之分,大陆法系存在着主观说、客观说、折中说之分,而中国刑法学则存在着主观说与主客观统一说之分。通过对医疗过失中违反注意义务标准的比较研究,提出客观注意的主观化标准学说。     

基于“5个对接”的高职院校医学生实习管理督导的探讨

本文通过对高职院校医学生实习管理进行调查,了解他们对高职院校医学生实习管理教学督导、督导结果等问题的看法,构建实习生实习管理督导流程与质量监控环节的对接机制,以充分发挥教学督导在高职医学专业学生实习管理中的作用为目标,构建符合高职院校医学实习教学的"五位一体"督导模式。     

医疗损害赔偿分析

医疗损害赔偿是指因医疗损害而引发的、对患者造成的损害所应承担的民事赔偿责任。医疗损害的理论基础应采用侵权行为；其归则原则应采用一般过错推定原则，实行举证责任倒置。医疗损害赔偿的范围应包括直接损害赔偿、间接损害赔偿和精神损害赔偿，赔偿请求人应包括患者本人或与其有密切关系的近亲友。另外，我国也应加快对医疗损害赔偿的立法的完善。     

计算机图形图像技术在医学中的应用

该文通过医学应用和研究领域几个有代表性的例子引入了计算机图形图像相关技术在医学中的应用,同时简单介绍了这些相关技术的概念、意义和发展。     

远程医学的应用及管理

远程医学是以图像和视频传输为基础的新型学科,远程医学教育是远程医学的重要方面,远程医学的通讯方式有卫星、ISDN、互联网和普通电话线(PSTN)等。技术上把实现电话线上医学资料的共享功能作为软件开发的重点,以满足远程医疗会诊和讲座式远程教育的要求。     

谁进入医疗卫生单位？ ——基于2007-2017年全国高校毕业生调查的分析

当前我国高度重视发展健康事业，积极推进健康中国建设。作为健康中国的重要保障，医疗卫生人才队伍愈发受到重视。高校毕业生是进入医疗卫生单位的主力军。采用6次全国高校毕业生就业状况抽样调查数据，探究进入医疗卫生单位的毕业生群体特征及时间趋势，以及影响毕业生选择医疗卫生单位的显著性因素。研究发现，在时间趋势上，进入医疗卫生单位的男性毕业生占比有所下降，毕业生学科背景日益多元，毕业生的人力资本水平较高且有所提升，就业满意度较低且呈现一定波动但整体上表现为上升。从就业选择来看，高校毕业生对医疗卫生单位的就业偏好存在显著的学科、性别和城乡差异，所学专业与兴趣吻合、求职时重视职业的稳定性显著影响毕业生选择医疗卫生单位就业。     

衡阳市卫生人力资源状况的调查及需求预测

为了针对性加强医药、医技类相关专业建设，以满足当地卫生人才的需求，我们对衡阳市卫生人力资源的现状进行了调查研究，并在此基础上对本市未来五年卫生人力资源的需求进行了预测。