从美国陆军作战负荷看士兵负荷训练

主要论述在现代战争条件下士兵的负荷能力对战斗力的影响,从士兵体能的角度进行分析,对士兵的负荷能力训练提出建议,为部队训练提供参考。     

广东省男大学生体质因子结构的研究

体质是指人体的质量，它是人类一切价值实现的物质基础。在以往的体质研究中，多进行单个指标的分析比较，很少考虑某一指标对体质的影响程度，以及各指标之间的相互关系。运用R—型因子分析法，从体质的整体角度出发，对广东省1991年和1995年19－22岁男大学生所作的因子结构研究，揭示了大学生体质指标线性组合的规律。因子分析结果显示：城乡男大学生体质因子结构中主因子的组成和排序表现出很高的一致性。表明城乡里大学生体质状况具有较高的一致性和稳定性。分析结果还表明身体形态和运动素质指标在体质主因子中的显著作用，对体质的影响最大，但城乡男大学生在身体形态和运动素质的某些指标存在一定差距。本研究为我国普通高校体育教学改革和大学生体质的深入研究和发展战略提供了理论依据。     

镍基单晶平板缺口有限元分析

基于晶体塑性理论并利用有限元方法对镍基单晶含缺口平板的应力应变场进行了分析,研究了外载荷、厚度和缺口半径等对平板缺口部分的等效应力、最大分切应力和应变的影响。结果表明:外载荷的变化不会影响三变量的分布规律,各变量随载荷的增加都呈增大的趋势;厚度和缺口半径是影响缺口尖端应力应变状态的两个重要因素,厚度增大和缺口半径减小都会增加缺口尖端的应力应变集中程度,且应力最大值位置不随厚度发生变化,但随缺口半径的减少其位置也随之向远离缺口尖端方向移动。最后从理论上对缺口的应力应变进行了推导,其结论与有限元分析结果基本相符。     

The relationship between inertial measurement unit-derived ‘force signatures’ and ground reaction forces during cricket pace bowling

Abstract

This study assessed the reliability and validity of segment measured accelerations in comparison to front foot contact (FFC) ground reaction force (GRF) during the delivery stride for cricket pace bowlers. Eleven recreational bowlers completed a 30-delivery bowling spell. Trunk- and tibia-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) were used to measure accelerations, converted to force, for comparisons to force plate GRF discrete measures. These measures included peak force, impulse and the continuous force–time curve in the vertical and braking (horizontal) planes. Reliability and validity was determined by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), Bland–Altman plots, paired sample t-tests, Pearson’s correlation and one-dimensional (1D) statistical parametrical mapping (SPM). All ICC (0.90–0.98) and CV (4.23–7.41%) were acceptable, except for tibia-mounted IMU braking peak force (CV = 12.44%) and impulse (CV = 18.17%) and trunk vertical impulse (CV = 17.93%). Bland–Altman plots revealed wide limits of agreement between discrete IMU force signatures and force plate GRF. The 1D SPM outlined numerous significant (p < 0.01) differences between trunk- and tibia-located IMU-derived measures and force plate GRF traces in vertical and braking (horizontal) planes. The trunk- and tibia-mounted IMUs appeared to not represent the GRF experienced during pace bowling FFC when compared to a gold-standard force plate.     

Delay-dependent robust control for uncertain discrete singular systems with time-varying delay

The design problem of delay-dependent robust control For uncertain discrete singular systems with time-varying delay is addressed in this paper. The uncertainty is assumed to be norm-bounded. By establishing a finite sum inequality based on quadratic terms, a new delay-dependent robust stability condition is derived and expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. A suitable robust state feedback control law is presented, which guarantees that the resultant closed-loop system is regular, causal and stable for all admissible uncertainties. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.     

不同加载角T形钢管混凝土压弯承载力研究

采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了不同加载角T形带肋和多室钢管混凝土压弯构件的计算模型,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。对影响T形钢管混凝土柱水平荷载P-水平位移Δ关系曲线的参数进行分析,结果表明:加载角为0°时,T形钢管混凝土构件的承载力最低,在67.5°负向加载时,构件的承载力最大,比0°加载角构件大13%左右,加载角为45°~90°间承载力总体上差别不大。随着钢管屈服强度、混凝土抗压强度、钢管长厚比、带肋和多室T形钢管混凝土构件在斜向加载的承载力增加,在传统钢管混凝土基础上,提出了适用于不同加载角带肋和多室T形钢管混凝土压弯构件的承载力设计方法,简化计算公式与有限元结果、试验结果均吻合较好。     

拉式激光散斑干涉测量加载仪

将激光散斑干涉测量纳入大学物理实验,其中关键性障碍是拉式加载仪的制作。通过球面拉杆、球面滑块和定滑轮的结合,能成功地将待测试件的准铅直度固定下来,并消除了因加载而造成的待测试件的晃动,从而解决了拉式加载仪的最大技术难题,该项成果已获国家发明专利授权。     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of an Existing Subway Station Subjected to Internal Blast Loading

In order to design and retrofit a subway station to resist an internal blast,the distribution of blast loading and its effects on structures should be investigated firstly.In this paper,the behavior of a typical subway station subjected to different internal blast Ioadings was analyzed.It briefly introduced the geometric characteristics and material constitutive model of an existing two-layer and three-span frame subway station.Then three cases of different explosive charges were considered to analyze the dynamic responses of the structure.Finally,the maximum principal stress,displacement and velocity of the columns in the three cases were obtained and discussed.It concluded that the responses of the columns are sensitive to the charge of explosive and the distance from the detonation.It's also found that the stairs between the two layers have significant effects on the distribution of the maximum principal stress of the columns in the upper layer.The explicit dynamic nonlinear finite element software-ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used in this study.     

非稳态蠕变二维裂纹尖端场强近似分析

从幂律蠕变材料静态裂纹体在时间相关比例加载条件下的应力应变场分析出发，建立了弹性—幂律蠕变材料裂纹体在时间相关比例加载条件下的瞬态Ｊ（ｔ）积分和Ｃ（ｔ）积分的估算公式，并给出了载荷恒定和加载点位移恒定这两种特殊情况下的Ｊ（ｔ）积分和Ｃ（ｔ）积分的解析表达式．作为实例，计算分析了紧凑拉伸试样等几种典型裂纹构形在加载点位移恒定情况下的Ｊ（ｔ）积分和Ｃ（ｔ）积分，并与有限元解进行了比较．     

零散货物装载的一种快速算法

研究了零散货物的装载问题。根据待装货物体积、重量与货车客积、载重的相对关系，将货物分为两类。对于不同货物类型的单车装载问题，优先考虑其主要约束目标，而对其他目标则适时调整。对于货物足够多的多车装载问题，关键是按照货物的类型确定不同的装车顺序。对于货车足够多的多车装载问题，则利用上次循环得到的解，对下一次的装车次序进行调整，使解不断趋于优化。