Adverse and adaptive childhood experiences are associated with parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Mothers with a substance use disorder (SUD) are at risk for maladaptive parenting practices, and have heightened likelihood of having experienced childhood adversity themselves. In addition, parental reflective functioning (PRF), a capacity underlying sensitive caregiving, is often low in mothers with SUD. This study examines the relationship between PRF and aversive (emotional, physical, sexual abuse and neglect) and adaptive (safety and competence) experiences, in different developmental phases (early childhood, latency, and adolescence) in mothers with a SUD. A sample of 43 mothers with small children were interviewed with the Parental Developmental Interview to assess PRF, and they completed the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire regarding aversive and adaptive experiences. In addition, we used the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-10 to control for mental health status and a battery of neuropsychological tests to control for executive functions. Results indicated that adaptive experiences in early childhood were positively related to PRF, and that experience of emotional abuse was negatively related to PRF. When separating the group of mothers in two sub-groups based on PRF level, results showed that mothers with negative to low PRF had significantly more experiences of adversities in early childhood and latency, and significantly less adaptive experiences in early childhood, latency and adolescence, compared to mothers with moderate to high PRF. In addition, mothers with adequate to high PRF reported experiencing significantly more types of adaptive experiences, and significantly less adversities compared to mothers with negative to low PRF. Results are discussed in relation to developmental trauma, resilience, epistemic trust and mistrust.     

Engaging mothers with substance use issues and their children in early intervention: Understanding use of service and outcomes

Mothers who use substances need integrated, multi-sectoral intervention services to support substance use discontinuation. We explored mothers’ service use at Breaking the Cycle, an early intervention and prevention program for pregnant and parenting women and their young children in Toronto, Canada. We conducted retrospective analyses of families’ service records and client charts (N = 160). Aims were to 1) describe women’s use of service, 2) examine how early engagement of pregnant women related to postnatal service use, and 3) examine the circumstances in which women ended their service relationship with Breaking the Cycle. Specifically, we examined circumstances at service ending relating to women’s service goals; custody status with children; and global substance-use, parent-child relationship, and child development outcomes. We found that these vulnerable women were actively engaged in many services and for a long duration, early engagement was associated with greater service use, and greater service use was associated with more positive circumstances upon ending service. Results provide support for a relational approach to service that promotes not only the relationship between mother and child, and mother and service provider, but also highlights relationships among staff, between staff and management, and between community partners as integral to effective service delivery. Integrating positive relationships at all levels is critical to support vulnerable families with complex needs.     

Neighborhood crime undermines parenting: Violence in the vicinity of households as a predictor of aggressive discipline

Child discipline is a central component of parent-child interactions. Evidence suggests corporal discipline impairs children’s physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development and compromises their future chances, especially since it is more frequently used against at-risk children. Using geocoded data for 1209 children under the age of five and their mothers, this study analyses the relation between the occurrence of crimes in close proximity to households in four major urban municipalities of Colombia and a particularly violent corporal discipline practice: hitting children with objects. Results indicate that exposure to violent crimes, such as homicides and personal injuries, predicts a higher probability of hitting children with objects, even after controlling for a set of individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics. Sensitivity analyses suggest violent crimes are not related to other discipline methods, and less threatening crimes, such as robbery and drug trafficking, are not associated with hitting children with objects. These findings suggest households’ walls are permeable, and outside threats may interfere with families’ dynamics and well-being. Future directions and implications are discussed.     

From objects to subjects: Repositioning teachers as policy actors doing policy work

Within policy discourses, teachers are positioned as objects of reform who enact policies under rational systems of observation and accountability and are, therefore, situated as de-professionalized actors lacking expert knowledge. This research project asks relatively straight-forward questions: If practicing teachers were given a voice in political debates over urban education policy and reform, what would they say? What macro-level policy problems would they identify as being important? Findings indicate the primary policy problems include Systemic Inequity and Bad Policy. The primary policy solutions include, Schools as a Community Resource; Shared Decision-Making; Contextual Goals; and Time, Space and Resources.     

基于信息使用环境理论的引用行为研究:参考文献分析的视角

目前,学术界多开展引用动机和引文功能的相关研究,但对于引用偏好等引用行为却关注较少。基于Taylor的信息使用环境理论,本研究采用参考文献分析方法,全面揭示了施引者引用行为的特征和影响因素。研究将信息使用环境理论中的前三类要素分别通过学者特征、组织环境及论题进行定义,采用参考文献分析法提取第四类要素;随机抽取论文样本,针对上述四类特征进行编码并通过统计分析探讨影响施引者引用行为的因素。研究发现:学者的年龄、性别、教育水平、学术年龄、职业角色、职称、所属机构的类型和层次以及所从事的研究主题和类型,都能对质量、语种、数量、信息资源类型、论文新旧的引用偏好产生显著影响。研究表明:信息使用环境理论和参考文献分析法在引用行为研究中具有适用性。表4。参考文献47。     

Piece-by-Piece Review of Digitize-and-Lend Projects through the Lens of Copyright and Fair Use

Digitize-and-lend library projects can benefit societies in multiple ways, from providing information to people in remote areas or with physical disabilities to facilitating the sharing of library resources with information-poor communities. This article explores the potential of digitize and lend as well as outlines how projects can be undertaken in a manner respectful of the balance of copyright.     

我国运动员的产权问题

以产权理论、现代契约理论和人力资本理论为基础,将运动员产权划分为占有权、使用权、收益权、处置权,对运动员产权进行解析,以使其明晰化。同时提出了明晰运动员产权的建议:一是遵循“谁投资、谁受益”的原则,合理界定运动员产权;二是大力发展职业体育俱乐部,推进运动员产权多元化发展;三是进一步完善相关的法律法规及配套的体育经济政策,为明晰运动员产权创造良好的外部条件。     

我国城市社区体育公共服务质量提升路径研究--基于社区体育场（馆）设施建设与管理视角

社区体育场（馆）设施作为城市社区体育公共服务供给的核心要素,其建设与管理水平直接影响到我国城市社区体育公共服务的质量。采用文献资料研究、专家访谈法和实地考察等研究方法,从社区体育场（馆）设施建设与管理资金投入的三维一体化模式创新;体育场（馆）设施空间结构布局的科学规划;体育场（馆）设施质量维护与安全管理的常效化机制建设等方面,分析论述了我国城市社区体育公共服务质量提升的路径。以期为完善城市社区体育公共服务体系及提高社区公众满意度提供有益参考。     

高校图书馆数字化建设中的版权问题

在分析高校图书馆数字化建设一般过程的基础上探讨了高校图书馆的角色定位,进而对数字化建设中可能侵犯版权的馆藏文献数字化、上传、下栽、文献传递、超链接等行为和操作进行了讨论.最后,在综合当前法律法规有关"合理使用"条款的基础上,从公有领域作品和仍受著作权法保护的作品两个角度,提出了高校图书馆合理进行数字化建设的应对措施.     

群众体育消费市场研究——体育服装市场浅析

作为遮体御寒之用的服装，一旦冠以体育的名号，其身价大增，魔力四射。体育服装的价值到底体现在什么地方？价格是如何决定的？使用价值是否还仅仅局限在遮体御寒？国外的品牌如adidas、nike、puma等在中国体育服装市场“肆意泛滥”的时候，我国的体育服装业应如何应对这些挑战？这些都是摆在我们面前的亟待解决的问题。本文试用西方经济学和马克思主义政治经济学的理论来分析这些问题。