尿羟脯氨酸排泄规律及力量练习对其影响

观察了男性成人安静时及一次性力量练习后24h尿羟脯氨酸（HPP）排泄规律。结果：安静状态及力量练习后24h的各段尿羟脯氨酸的排泄速率（mg／min）、羟脯氨酸／肌酐（Hyp／Cr）比值间均无明显差别（P＜0．05）；运动前后各段的对应值之间也无明显差异（P＜0．05）；运动前后各段尿羟脯氨酸总量，Hyp／Cr比值与24h总尿Hyp相关性较高的时间段是否20：00～23：00相关系数均在0．80以上（P＜0.05）。这些结果表明：安静时人体尿Hyp排泄量4h内比较均匀；一次性高负荷力量练习不能改变运动后24h尿Hyp总量和不同时期段的尿Hyp排泄速率。     

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of different parts of Tribulus terrestris L. growing in Iraq

Antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of Tribulus terrestris L., an Iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against 11 species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli,Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using microdilution method in 96 multiwell microtiter plates. All the extracts from the different parts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most tested microorganisms. The most active extract against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was ethanol extract from the fruits with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.15 mg/ml against B. subtilis,B. cereus, P. vulgaris and C. diphtheriae. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC value of 0.15 mg/ml.     

Urinary protein thiols in different grades of proteinuria

Total thiol status of plasma, especially thiol groups over protein contributes maximum to the plasma antioxidant status of the body. Serum protein thiols were found to be decreased in various disease conditions including chronic renal failure patients. Only few studies determined the levels of urinary protein thiols in disease conditions. The current study was designed to know the levels of urinary protein thiols in patients with different grades of proteinuria. The study was conducted on urine of 40 healthy controls and 61 cases with proteinuria. Based on proteinuria cases were further divided into two groups; group I - microproteinuria (150–300 mg protein/d), 32 cases, group II - frank proteinuria (>300 mg protein/d), 29 cases. Urinary thiol levels were determined by spectrophotometric method using dithionitrobenzoic acid. A significant decrease (p<0.01) in urinary thiol in group I and group II cases was observed in present study and this decrease was associated with proteinuria.     

Case Report:Diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma in urinary bladder

Objective: To study the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma in urinary bladder. Methods: Six cases of bladder pheochromocytoma were studied. Four cases showed hypertension, 3 of which were paroxysmal hypertension during urination. Catecholamine (CA) was increased in a case, and vanillymandelic acid (VMA) was increased in 2 cases. Bladder sub- mucosal mass was detected by B-ultrasound in 5 cases (5/5), computerized tomography (CT) in 3 cases (3/3), cystoscopy in 5 cases (5/6). Four cases took α-receptor blocker for 2 weeks, 1 case took β-receptor blocker to decrease heart rate. All patients were treated with surgical operation including 4 partial cystectomies, 2 excavations. Results: Three cases had manifestations including headache, excessive perspiration and hypertension during cystoscopy. Four cases were confirmed before operation. Two cases showed hypertension during operation. All patients were pathologically diagnosed as pheochromocytoma post- operatively. In five cases followed up, blood pressure returned to normal. No patient had relapse and malignancy. Conclusions: Typical hypertension during urination comprised the main symptoms. We should highly suspect bladder pheochromocytoma if a submucosal mass was discovered with B-ultrasound, CT, 131I-MIBG (methyliodobenzylguanidine) and cystoscopy. The deter- mination of CA in urine is valuable for qualitative diagnosis. The preoperative management of controlling blood pressure and expansion of the blood volume are very important. Surgical operation is a good method for effective treatment. Postoperative long-time followed up is necessary.     

贵州省三级医院泌尿系统常见病治疗的药物经济学评价与分析

目的:通过回顾性研究,知道我省不同级别医院对泌尿系统常见疾病治疗费用形成状况和存在问题,探讨其成因和健康消费的科学对策。方法:随机确立不同地区、不同级别医院各一个,对这些医院2001年1月1日至12月31日住院病人泌尿系统常见病的肾结石、膀胱炎、急性肾炎、慢性肾炎、泌尿道感染作回顾性调查研究,应用CEA对费用进行计算,并对产生原因作初步的探讨。结果与结论:三甲医院的总费用明显高于二甲(乙)医院的费用(p<0.01)。不同疾病、不同医院的费用构成比不同。     

Urinary proteomics as a novel tool for biomarker discovery in kidney diseases

Urine has become one of the most attractive biofluids in clinical proteomics,for its procurement is easy and noninvasive and it contains sufficient proteins and peptides. Urinary proteomics has thus rapidly developed and has been extensively applied to biomarker discovery in clinical diseases,especially kidney diseases. In this review,we discuss two important aspects of urinary proteomics in detail,namely,sample preparation and proteomic tech-nologies. In addition,data mining in urinary proteomics is also b...     

Correlation between Apgar score and urinary uric acid to creatinine ratio in perinatal asphyxia

A randomized case control hospital based study was conducted over 12 months time on 31 asphyxiated and 31 normal newborn to see whether urinary uric acid can be used as a marker of perinatal asphyxia and can be correlated with the clinical diagnosis by Apgar score. Uric acid and creatinine were estimated in spot urine within 24 hours after birth in both cases and controls. A ratio between concentrations of uric acid to creatinine was estimated and compared between cases and controls. It was found that the ratios were significantly higher in cases than controls (3.1± 1.3 vs 0.96± 0.54; P < 0.001) and among asphyxia patients, a significant negative linear correlation was found between the uric acid to creatinine ratio and the Apgar score (r = −0.857, P < 0.001). So urinary uric acid to creatinine ratio can be used as an additional non-invasive dispace, easy and at the same time early biochemical marker of birth asphyxia which biochemically supports the clinical diagnosis and severity grading of asphyxia by Apgar score.     

Incidence of microalbuminuria in tobacco chewers

It is well established that smoking increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. From the studies in diabetic subjects it has been shown that smoking induces microalbuminuria and accelerates the progression to end stage renal disease. Little is known whether smoking is also related to microalbuminuria and renal end organ damage in non diabetic subjects. The hypothesis which was put forward that tobacco chewing is related to microalbuminuria and renal functional changes in non diabetic subjects. We therefore performed a population based study in the Anand city of Gujarat in which we studied the relation between tobacco chewing and urinary albumin excretion. Tobacco chewers had a higher urinary albumin excretion (Albumin excretion 373±13.9 mg/day: P<0.01) than those who do not consume tobacco. In conclusion tobacco chewing is associated with albuminuria.     

Cystatin C—A novel marker of glomerular filtration rate: A review

Glomerular filtration rate is routinely assessed by measuring the serum markers such as urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Although these markers are widely used to assess renal function but they do not perform optimally in certain clinical settings. There is thus a practical need for an easily automated alternative to plasma creatine, which would be more specific, sensitive and reliable from the analytical and clinical view point. Compared with the above endogenous markers, and time consuming laborious tests, Cystatin C facilitates the recognition of abnormal renal function in children, as its reference range is constant beyond the 1^st year of life. This review mainly focuses on the diagnostic performance of Cystatin C against other renal markers in the pediatric population and in specific subpopulations of patients.     

Comparison of the Carcinogenic Potential of Smokeless Tobacco and Smoked Tobacco by Quantifying the Excretion of Nicotine Metabolite NNAL in Patients with Oral Leukoplakia

The case control study was conducted to quantify the amount of the carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamine in smokeless tobacco users and smokers in patients with oral leukoplakia and also to emphasize the role of tobacco-specific nitrosamine in the incidence of oral leukoplakia. The study was conducted on 30 patients. The urine samples were obtained from smokeless tobacco users with oral leukoplakia, smokers with oral leukoplakia and non-tobacco users (i.e. people who do not use tobacco in any form). The collected samples were processed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A highly significant difference of NNAL[4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol] in smokeless tobacco users than tobacco smokers P = 0.0002 (Table 1) was obtained. This significant difference shows smokeless tobacco is more carcinogenic than smoked tobacco. This study confirmed that NNAL is a potent biomarker for calculating the risk of occurrence of carcinoma in smokeless tobacco users and smokers, and that smokeless tobacco is more harmful than smoked tobacco.