Effect of pyridoxine (Vitamin-B6) supplementation on calciuria and oxaluria levels of some normal healthy persons and urinary stone patients

Effect of pyridoxine (Vitamin-B₆) supplementation on calciuria and oxaluria levels of 20 normal healthy persons and 17 urinary stone patients has been studied. Mean 24 hr urinary calcium and oxalate levels of controls (healthy persons) and stone patients were estimated in presupplementation period and at every 20 days interval during supplementation. Stone patients were divided into two groups viz., mild hyperoxaluriacs and moderate hyperoxaluriacs, based on their pre-supplementation (base line) oxaluria levels. 60 days of pyridoxine supplementation, at the rate of 10 mg/day, resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.01 for mild hyperoxaluriacs and p<0.001 for moderate hyperoxaluriacs) in mean 24 hr urinary oxalate levels of urinary stone patients. The corresponding decrement in mean oxaluria level of controls was, however, only mild. The decrease of mean calciuria level of controls as well as stone patients, upon pyridoxine supplementation, were also found to be only mild and not significant. Utility of pyridoxine therapy in oxalate urolithiasis has been discussed in the light of results.     

Diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma in urinary bladder

Objective： To study the diagnosis and treatment ofpheochromocytoma in urinary bladder. Methods： Six cases of bladder pheochromocytoma were studied. Four cases showed hypertension, 3 of which were paroxysmal hypertension during urination. Catecholamine （CA） was increased in a case, and vanillymandelic acid （VMA） was increased in 2 cases. Bladder submucosal mass was detected by B-ultrasound in 5 cases （5/5）, computerized tomography （CT） in 3 cases （3/3）, cystoscopy in 5 cases （5/6）. Four cases took a-receptor blocker for 2 weeks, 1 case took β-receptor blocker to decrease heart rate. All patients were treated with surgical operation including 4 partial cystectomies, 2 excavations. Results： Three cases had manifestations including headache, excessive perspiration and hypertension during cystoscopy. Four cases were confirmed before operation. Two cases showed hypertension during operation. All patients were pathologically diagnosed as pheochromocytoma post- operatively. In five cases followed up, blood pressure returned to normal. No patient had relapse and malignancy. Conclusions： Typical hypertension during urination comprised the main symptoms. We should highly suspect bladder pheochromocytoma if a submucosal mass was discovered with B-ultrasound, CT, ^131I-M1BG （methyliodobenzylguanidine） and cystoscopy. The determination of CA in urine is valuable for qualitative diagnosis. The preoperative management of controlling blood pressure and expansion of the blood volume are very important. Surgical operation is a good method for effective treatment. Postoperative long-time followed up is necessary.     

Urinary Organic Acids Quantitated in a Healthy North Indian Pediatric Population

Human urine gives evidence of the metabolism in the body and contains numerous organic acids and other compounds at a variety of concentration. The concentration of organic acids in urine varies from population to population due to genotype, food habits and other epigenetic and environmental influences. Knowledge of the reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy pediatric population is very important for critical evaluation. This study was designed to quantify 16 organic acids in a healthy north Indian pediatric population. Early morning urine samples from healthy pediatric subjects of age 1 day to 16 years who did not have symptoms of any disease were analyzed for organic acid content. The children were not on any supplemental vitamins or drugs and were on a free and unrestricted diet. The creatinine concentration of each sample was determined before organic acid analysis. Organic acids were extracted from urine with ethyl acetate, extracted residue was air dried, converted into trimethylsilyl derivatives and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Here we reported the age wise mean values and standard deviations for each compound, adjusted for creatinine content (mmol/mol of creatinine). We found the concentration of most of the metabolites are higher in our population in comparison to other populations. Such data may help to provide a basis for diagnosing metabolic abnormalities in patients in a specific ethnicity.     

Prevalence of urinary incontinence in high-impact sports athletes and their association with knowledge,attitude and practice about this dysfunction

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in female athletes practising high-impact sports and its association with knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP).

Design: Observational study.

Methods: A semi-structured evaluation form, KAP survey and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to verify the association of UI with KAP, sociodemographic, gynaecological and sports-related variables, with significant variables remaining in the model (p?Results: The prevalence of UI in 118 athletes was 82 (70%), of which 19 (23%) had pure stress UI, 19 (23%) had pure urgency UI and 44 (54%) had mixed UI; with 50 (61%) athletes losing urine during training and 37 (45%) during competitions. Regarding the KAP survey, 37 athletes (31%) demonstrated adequate knowledge, 63 (53%) adequate attitude and zero adequate practice. In the multivariate analysis, a sports practice time of over 8 years and dyspareunia presented significant values, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.66 and 2.99, respectively. Knowledge was significantly associated with UI (OR 0.43). UI had a slight impact on QOL.

Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of UI yet low levels of adequate knowledge and practice regarding the occurrence of UI in sports, with sports practice time over 8 years and dyspareunia factors predisposing female athletes to UI by 2.7 and 3 times, respectively. Athletes with adequate knowledge were 57% less likely to develop UI.     

尿纤维连接蛋白在诊断膀胱移行细胞癌中的应用价值

目的:评价尿纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin,Fn)在诊断膀胱移行细胞癌中的应用价值,并界定其临床参考值。方法:采用ELISA法检测55例膀胱移行细胞癌患者、34例其他泌尿系疾病患者及29例正常人的尿Fn含量,并同时测定尿肌酐(Creatin,Cr),计算Fn/Cr比值,比较各组人群尿Fn和尿Fn/Cr比值之间的差异;分析不同肿瘤分期、分级尿Fn和尿Fn/Cr之间的差异;利用尿Fn/Cr比值与其它尿生物标志物比较它们之间的优势。结果:膀胱癌组尿Fn含量(583.4±302.5μg/L)、Fn/Cr比值(149.5±93.3mg/mol)与其他泌尿系疾病组Fn含量(209.3±125.0μg/L)、Fn/Cr比值(52.4±36.2mg/mol)以及对照组Fn含量(134.3±83.6μg/L)、Fn/Cr比值(38.2±22.7mg/mol)相比,有显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.05)。尿Fn诊断膀胱移行细胞癌的灵敏度和特异度分别为78.2%和76.2%,尿Fn/Cr比值分别为81.8%和79.4%。另外,不同分期、分级膀胱癌患者的尿Fn含量及Fn/Cr比值也有明显差异(P<0.05)。比较后提示尿Fn/Cr比值与目前多种分子生物学指标检测膀胱肿瘤的敏感性、特异性基本相似。结论:尿Fn含量及尿Fn/Cr比值在膀胱癌的临床诊断方面有重要的价值,是诊断膀胱癌的一种较理想指标;尿Fn含量及Fn/Cr的高低与膀胱癌的分期、分级有关,可大致判断膀胱癌的浸润度和恶性度,并可用于膀胱癌的预后评估,但目前仍不能代替膀胱镜;界定其临床参考值为250μg/L(Fn)和62mg/mol(Fn/Cr)。     

浅谈尿肌酐实验的改进

尿肌酐实验是通过尿肌酐的测定,了解运动员肌肉数量和质量的变化,进而更好地指导运动员进行科学训练.体育运动学校教材中关于尿肌酐实验的测定主要使用的是光电比色计,测定结果误差较大.此实验改用721分光光度计测定,大大提高了测定结果的精确度和准确度.