User community vs. producer innovation development efficiency: A first empirical study

In this paper we report upon a first empirical exploration of the relative efficiency of innovation development by product users vs. product producers. In a study of over 50 years of product innovation in the whitewater kayaking field, we find users in aggregate were approximately 3× more efficient at developing important kayaking product innovations than were producers in aggregate. We speculate that this result is driven by what we term “efficiencies of scope” in problem-solving. These can favor an aggregation of many user innovators, each spending a little, over fewer producer innovators benefitting from higher economies of scale in product development. We also note that the present study explores only one initial point on what is likely to be a complex efficiency landscape.     

A hierarchical network-oriented analysis of user participation in misinformation spread on WhatsApp

WhatsApp emerged as a major communication platform in many countries in the recent years. Despite offering only one-to-one and small group conversations, WhatsApp has been shown to enable the formation of a rich underlying network, crossing the boundaries of existing groups, and with structural properties that favor information dissemination at large. Indeed, WhatsApp has reportedly been used as a forum of misinformation campaigns with significant social, political and economic consequences in several countries.In this article, we aim at complementing recent studies on misinformation spread on WhatsApp, mostly focused on content properties and propagation dynamics, by looking into the network that connects users sharing the same piece of content. Specifically, we present a hierarchical network-oriented characterization of the users engaged in misinformation spread by focusing on three perspectives: individuals, WhatsApp groups and user communities, i.e., groupings of users who, intentionally or not, share the same content disproportionately often. By analyzing sharing and network topological properties, our study offers valuable insights into how WhatsApp users leverage the underlying network connecting different groups to gain large reach in the spread of misinformation in the platform.     

大学生运动实施度与应激关系的研究

研究探讨了SCL-6三维应激测试量表的信赖性,分析了大学生运动实施度与应激的关系.结果表明,SCL-6量表测试应激的信赖性是可以确认的,证实运动实施度与应激水平的高有十分密切的关系,即运动高实施群的应激水平要明显低于低实施群.其中,运动强度与时间对减缓应激的作用更为显著,而运动频度对应激的减缓效果并不明显.     

OA系统应用开发中用户测试初探

OA系统成功应用的关键,在于最终是否满足了应用者的‘口味’,不同单位有不同的管理需求,必然决定了OA系统的个性化特性,不可能存在通用的OA系统产品,因而用户测试对OA系统项目实用化具有不可替代、不可跳越的关键性作用。本文对用户测试的步骤和方法做了初步的探讨。     

User simulations for evaluating answers to question series

Recently, question series have become one focus of research in question answering. These series are comprised of individual factoid, list, and “other” questions organized around a central topic, and represent abstractions of user–system dialogs. Existing evaluation methodologies have yet to catch up with this richer task model, as they fail to take into account contextual dependencies and different user behaviors. This paper presents a novel simulation-based methodology for evaluating answers to question series that addresses some of these shortcomings. Using this methodology, we examine two different behavior models: a “QA-styled” user and an “IR-styled” user. Results suggest that an off-the-shelf document retrieval system is competitive with state-of-the-art QA systems in this task. Advantages and limitations of evaluations based on user simulations are also discussed.     

现代信息社会的图书馆用户教育

本文论述了目前开展用户教育的紧迫性，介绍了用户教育的前提，目标和空容，以及开展用户教育的途径，最后阐明了开展用户教育的意义。     

数字图书馆资源的访问控制问题

如何运作和管理数字图书馆庞大的信息库是数字图书馆建设过程中的一个大的挑战，其中的关键问题是如何实现对数字图书馆的访问控制问题。本文详细阐述了访问控制的概念、原理和用于数字图书馆的访问控制技术以及涉及到的相关法律问题。     

通过日志挖掘研究图书馆资源发现服务用户的搜索行为

通过日志挖掘的方法对图书馆资源发现服务用户的搜索行为进行研究。搭建一个搜索日志中间平台,用于产生和记录相关日志信息;用Java编写日志处理程序,将日志信息存储于MySQL数据库中;基于日志结果,从检索方式、查询语言与查询长度、分面点击、查询词修改等方面对用户搜索行为进行分析,希望能对图书馆资源发现服务的部署、应用和优化提供参考。     

国内外图书情报领域用户研究内容分析

本文以我国图书情报领域18种CSSCI源刊及《图书情报学文摘数据库》（LISA）为信息源,分别检索2007-2010年间国内外图书情报领域发表的与用户研究相关的学术论文。而后利用JDK1．6和MySQL Server5．0等软件,开发共词矩阵生成、关键词粘合度计算、关键词类团密度和向心度计算等程序。在此基础上通过共词分析和粘合度计算方法确定国内外图书情报领域用户研究的主流研究主题,并通过绘制主题战略坐标图考量不同研究主题的发展情况及其研究地位。最后通过对国内外相关研究内容的对比分析,对我国在该领域的研究提出发展建议。     

图书相关文献资源发现与获取系统构建——基于预索引元数据仓储

针对WEB环境下图书相关文献资源的多样性和平台的异构性,使得读者对资源的获取不方便。提出基于预索引数据仓储的图书相关资源发现和获取方法,来集成各种类型的图书文献资源。对预索引元数据仓储模型、元数据的自动获取、对象的链接和用户体验等技术深入分析,并采用TRS信息技术来构建图书相关文献资源发现与获取系统。