山东省滨州市土壤盐渍化空间分布及成因分析

以山东省滨州市为研究区,在“外考察与样品实验分析的基础上,分析该地区土壤盐渍化的空间分布,并对成因进行分析,为该地区盐碱土的治理与利用提供理论依据。     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of microclimate for salts crystallization control and artworks conservation

Many deterioration processes are linked to unsuitable microclimatic condition in cultural buildings. One of the most diffused processes is soluble salts crystallization that can be accelerated in masonry structures within specific microclimatic values for different chemical compounds. In this paper, microclimate and efflorescence diffusion were monitored over a one-year period in the Crypt of the Cathedral of Lecce (South Italy). This allowed to relate the microclimate with the efflorescence variation over time. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was then developed to detail the thermo-hygrometric parameters and airflow patterns responsible for salts crystallization and artworks deterioration. Two main conditions were reproduced; one to simulate the current microclimate, which simulations showed to be inadequate for conservation, and the other to search for a more appropriate solution. In both cases, summer and winter conditions were simulated and compared to find a microclimate able to ensure more suitable thermo-hygrometric intervals required by the constituting artworks materials. The results helped to suggest actions to improve maintenance of the Crypt.     

南京市不同类型扬尘源排放清单估计

运用美国环保署AP-42方法及观测资料,估算2010年南京市土壤扬尘、铺装道路扬尘和城区施工扬尘的排放,并给出3 km×3km分辨率的空间分布.研究结果表明,3类扬尘PM₁₀排放分别为0.0261、6.727、0.754万t.铺装道路扬尘的贡献最大,从市区向南北城郊方向,排放逐渐减少.比较而言,南京市3类扬尘PM₁₀的排放总量小于上海,约相当于本市工业排放的67.3%.     

Consolidation and protection by nanolime: Recent advances for the conservation of the graffiti,Carceri dello Steri Palermo and of the 18th century lunettes,SS. Giuda e Simone Cloister,Corniola (Empoli)

Nanolime dispersed in 2-propanol was extensively used for the consolidation of wall paintings. The knowledge of the advances of this methodology dealing with all the possible effects associated with the nanolime new material in conservation is fundamental to assess and improve the technique. In this paper, four different dispersions of Ca(OH)₂ nanoparticles were characterised by Small Angle X-rays Scattering technique (SAXS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) in order to achieve information on size, shape, polydispersity, agglomeration, and crystal structure (by SAED patterns) of the particles. Once characterised, the dispersions were tested in two different case studies, the Carceri dello Steri in Palermo with their graffiti and the 18th century lunettes at the SS. Giuda e Simone Cloister, Corniola (Empoli) with their lime-based mural paintings. The treated samples were characterised in relationship to either their morphology and surface chemical composition by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), or their water absorption and mechanical properties (resistance to material abrasion). The results obtained showed that all the dispersions were nanometrically structured and their application succeeded in recovering the mechanical properties of the painting or graffito layers, not altering their permeability to water and keeping perfectly the wall transpiration. However, the dispersions constituted of the nanoparticles obtained via a synthesis able to control size and shape of the Ca(OH)₂ particles resulted in a better performance in situ, even if the differences found by SAXS and TEM were slight.     

粉喷桩单桩承载力的研究分析

通过某工程的粉喷桩单桩载荷试验资料 ,分析了在饱和土层中 ,粉喷桩复合地基单桩承载力的时间效应问题 ,地下水对其也具有较大的影响。掌握单桩承载力的时间效应规律 ,对粉喷桩复合地基的优化设计及确定载荷试验的时间具有重要的意义。     

浅谈CFD在暖通空调节能方面的应用

随着CFD商用软件的逐渐普及,计算流体力学广泛地应用于传热、传质、化学反应及其相关领域。本文对CFD技术作了简述,介绍了CFD在暖通空调中应用的现状,探讨了CFD在暖通空调节能方面的应用。     

关于优化推铅球左腿支撑技术结构的探讨

在田径运动中，推铅球是单手投掷的非周期性运动项目。推铅球时的技术方法与场地器械有其独特的特点，因而形成了独特的技术结构。推铅球同掷铁饼一样，都是在圆圈中投掷，左腿都有一个制动，支撑用力的动作，但是左腿用力是一个复杂的过程，而不仅仅是一个简单的动作形式，推铅球时，左腿在最后用力过程中，能否形成合球的支撑技术，对最后用力的效果影响极大。因此，本文就推铅球时如何优化运动技术结构，使之达到比较完善的效果，作一个初步探讨。     

小叶章湿地土壤可利用性碳对微生物呼吸的限制作用--三江平原为例

研究了三江平原小叶章湿地土壤中碳的可利用性对土壤中微生物呼吸的限制作用 .结果表明 ,表土和根层土中的可利用性碳显著限制微生物呼吸作用 .在所有的培养土壤中 ,起始时微生物呼吸速率较高 ,随之急剧下降 ,这可能是由于土壤物理化学及生物性质的变化所致 .土壤中有机质低于 1 0 %时 ,可以明显影响碳的可利用指数 ;大于 1 0 %以后就几乎没有影响了 .微生物生物量碳与碳的可利用指数也存在较为显著的正相关关系 .     

石匣小流域水土保持措施蓄水保土效益试验研究

通过石匣小流域径流试验小区的降雨径流泥沙资料,分析不同水土保持措施对径流泥沙的影响,探讨水土保持措施的蓄水保土效益.研究结果表明:①合适的整地造林措施能有效地拦蓄降雨,减小土壤侵蚀;自然坡的水土流失都较小;②水平条中土埂可减少径流20%～45%,减少土壤侵蚀31.5%～71.2%;③水平条与鱼鳞坑的水保效益相当;④在16°左右坡地采取水保措施(水平条、鱼鳞坑造林)比开荒减少地表径流77.7%～92.1%,在4°左右坡地修梯田比坡耕地减少地表径流54.2%,减少土壤侵蚀67.95%;⑤水保措施均不同程度地减少了土壤氮、磷流失量,其中大水平条比开荒总氮流失量减少73.65%,总磷流失量减少42.86%;梯田比坡耕地总氮流失量减少60.98%,总磷流失量减少85.29%,说明大水平条和梯田的保水、保土、保肥效益明显.