2004雅典奥运会田径比赛综述

采用文献资料法、数理统计法、比较法对28届奥运会田径比赛各项目前三名成绩和28届奥运会田径比赛奖牌分布、中国运动员成绩进行统计分析发现:本届奥运会田径比赛奖牌的分布具有明显的地域、项目特征;俄罗斯实力增强,跃居奖牌榜第二;女子项目成绩提高显著;中国体育代表团取得历史性突破但整体实力较差局面没改变.     

跳远起跳阶段摆动腿摆动技术的生物力学分析

运用生物力学原理,根据起跳腿的运动特点,把起跳阶段摆动腿的动作划分为体后前摆、体前前摆、“突停”制动三个阶段。对起跳阶段摆动腿的技术特点对运动成绩的影响进行了分析,得出:重视对跳远运动员摆动腿的力量、速度、幅度的专项训练,是提高运动员跳远成绩的重要因素。     

祖上的荣光与自身的平庸——中唐诗人李益政绩评议

中唐诗人李益祖上是功勋卓著的陇西高门大姓,而他自身在政治上却少有建树。当时的社会政治环境、个人的性格气质和富文华少吏材的能力缺陷是形成李益这种身世与生平之间巨大反差的三个主要原因。     

Self-efficacy and achievement behaviors

In this article self-efficacy research is reviewed in domains relevant to education. Research addressing cognitive skills, social skills, motor skills, and career choices has shown that self-efficacy is an important construct that helps to explain students' learning and performance of achievement-related behaviors. Research also has identified variables that are associated with educational contexts and that signal to students how well they are achieving or making progress in learning. These task-engagement variables include models/social comparative information, goal setting, attributional and performance feedback, strategy instruction, cognitive processing, and reward contingencies. A suggested future self-efficacy research agenda might include maintenance and generalization of changes in self-efficacy, the identification of additional task-engagement variables, instrument development and validation, integration of efficacy information from diverse sources, developmental influences on self-efficacy, and teachers' sense of efficacy.     

The relationship between A-level subject choice and league table score of university attended: the ‘facilitating’, the ‘less suitable’, and the counter-intuitive

Abstract

English students from less privileged backgrounds and state, rather than private, schools remain significantly under-represented at high-status universities. There has been little work to date on the role of A-level subject choice, as opposed to attainment, in access to university. Using linked administrative data for three recent cohorts of English entrants to UK universities, I examine the relationship between league table score of university attended and A-level subject choices, using a taxonomy of A-levels categorised according to their published efficacy for Russell Group university admission as ‘facilitating’, ‘useful’, or ‘less suitable’. I further examine the relationship of three ‘less suitable’ A-levels with league table score of university for related degree courses commonly leading to professional business careers (accountancy, business, and law). Holding more facilitating A-levels is associated with attending a higher ranked university overall, even controlling for degree subject, and the converse is true for ‘less suitable’ subjects. The heterogeneous relationships of professionally-related A-level subjects with university ranking make decision-making for aspirational 16-year-olds problematic: an apparently sensible subject choice for students wishing to prepare for a professional career may, in fact, put them at a disadvantage.     

乡间集市功能转型:传统农民终结的路径探讨

乡间集市是适应传统农民自足生产和生活需求而自发形成的基层市场,对传统农民的自足性生产具有决定性意义,同时促成了传统农民社会行动的一体化,是乡村的文化的主要活动场所和承载者,在以传统生产方式占主要地位的农村社会承担着不可替代的作用。在农村社会转型和建设社会主义新农村的过程中,要使农民生产扩大、面向市场寻求经济利益或使家庭农业朝向产业化发展,以及实现传统农民向现代型农民的转变,乡间集市难以和新的生产组合方式相适应,因此需要乡间集市功能的转型。在农民生产能力和乡间市场能力共同扩大的过程中,最终促成了传统农民的终结。     

法治关怀：高校扩招规模稳定后的法学思考

高校扩招规模稳定的背后体现的是高校由规模效益到内涵提升的发展走向,由此而来的是高校发展模式的迅速嬗变。这种“嬗变”的实现有赖于高校扩招的法治化,还必须上升到社会基本矛盾运动的高度来认识和把握中国高校扩招进程中的各种关系,实现高校招生由均衡发展到公平正义的法治理念转换、高校管理从依法行政到权利救济的法治路径转换,从而彰显高校扩招中的法治关怀,体现当代中国高等教育发展的时代价值。     

Evaluating faculty performance under the equal pay for equal work doctrine

The issue of sex discrimination in faculty employment has become a prominent legal and political concern, necessitating the development of objective empirical methods to determine the existence of patterns of discriminatory treatment. In this study, regression techniques are employed to apply the equal pay for equal work interpretation of the fair employment doctrine. Specifically, faculty promotion and salary policies at the University of Texas at Austin are analyzed to determine whether male and female faculty members are rewarded equally for equal academic qualifications and performances. This regression analysis tends to support the discrimination hypothesis with respect to both promotion and salary policies.     

The impact of student academic achievement on graduate salaries: the case of a leading Russian university

This paper analyses the impact of academic achievement on future salaries by looking into the grade point average (GPA)-earnings relationship for graduates of a leading Russian university. The study is based on pooled cross-sectional graduate survey data for 2014–2015. The issue of how student academic achievement impacts future labour market rewards is analysed through academic, demographic and labour market factors. We found that there is a significant positive impact of GPA on salaries of BA graduates (9–12% wage premium for an additional GPA point) and an insignificant or negative impact for MA programmes graduates. The study depicts that this negative effect can be partially explained by employment sector-specific variables. Among the main factors which positively affect earnings of graduates is work experience. Graduates who combined study and work achieve a 30% wage premium. However, there is no evidence that combining study and work affects student academic achievement, even for those who combined studies with full-time job. Despite the higher GPA of female students, male graduates’ earnings are 18% higher. Gender wage differences can be explained by gender distribution by the sector of employment: the over-representation of women in the low-paid education and science sectors and their under-representation in entrepreneurship and corporate sector.     

教育公平：实现民族教育权利平等的基础

知识经济时代教育已从社会经济发展的边缘走向中心,教育的公平问题也就日益成为我国社会生活和教育领域备受关注的热点问题。教育公平是全民教育实现的前提和基础,也是民族教育发展、民族文化繁荣的重要保障。民族教育公平不仅是社会公平的基础,还是实现全社会共同富裕,建立和谐、健康社会的基石。