时间使用流行病学在身体活动研究领域的应用

身体活动与健康促进是公共卫生及运动科学领域研究的重点方向之一。个体一日24 h由睡眠、久坐及各种强度的身体活动组成,已有研究多从单一维度探讨这些行为对健康的影响,忽视了身体活动、久坐、睡眠等行为之间的内在联系及对健康结果的综合影响,可能使相应行为与健康效应间的关联产生偏差。时间使用流行病学研究方法的引入克服了这一不足。以“时间分配”作为切入点,综述国际学术界关于身体活动、久坐和睡眠行为对健康影响的研究现状,并系统阐述了等时替代研究方法、活动-平衡模型、时间使用流行病学的发展及其研究框架。基于此,展望了时间使用流行病学相关理论在身体活动研究领域的应用前景:1、开发新式测量工具并完善数据收集和分析方法;2、建立有关时间使用模式的综合评价体系;3、制订我国大众人群的活动-平衡时间分配推荐指南方案。     

我国体育经济活动收入预测的研究

利用非线性混沌动力学建立体育经济收入的预测模型,对该模型的分岔、混沌及稳定性等特性进行了分析;并且对我国1991~2002年的收入数据做了实证分析。结果表明:预测的精度达到了期望要求,明显高于非线性回归和灰色理论预测法的精度。     

连云港市高校学生课外体育活动现状的调查研究

本文运用问卷调查和数理统计法对连云港市高校学生参加课外活动情况进行研究。结果表明:连云港高校有75%的学生对课外体育活动抱有兴趣,健身、娱乐等是学生参加课外体育活动的重要价值取向。从调查中我们也发现体育场地设施的缺乏、学生参加锻炼的意识不足以及学业负担过重是学生课外体育锻炼的重要障碍。本文想通过对这些现象的调查和研究,为开展好高校的课外体育活动提供些理论依据。     

攀枝花普通高校新生体质调查及体育活动情况的分析

通过问卷调查,对攀枝花普通高校新生体质调查及参加体育活动的情况进行了分析与研究,旨在了解攀枝花普通高校新生体质健康状况及参加体育活动的现状,为进一步提高攀枝花普通高校学生体质和健康,促进攀枝花普通高校体育教学改革提供参考依据。     

河南省大学生阳光体育运动开展现状的调查研究

本文采用文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计等方法,对河南省大学生在＂阳光体育运动＂启动后体育参与现状进行调查研究。结果发现：每周锻炼在3天以上的学生占36.91%,每周锻炼1-2天的学生占36.24%,每周锻炼1天以下的学生占16.97%;且他们在选择活动项目、场所时都带有明显的性别和年龄特征;他们参加阳光体育运动的动因是多方面的;体育活动场所器材缺乏,锻炼项目少,缺乏指导和锻炼意志以及学习任务重是制约他们有效从事阳光体育运动的主要障碍。     

简述国外体力活动指南

当前各种世界组织一致同意推荐的体力活动指南为：提高和维持时间健康的体力活动最小的运动剂量是每天进行30min的中等强度体力活动,每周≥5次。这一指南提出基于有氧型体力活动的相关研究。体力活动和身体健康之间的关系非常复杂。运动的次数、强度、时间和方式影响健康的获得,充分认识其中的相关变化,有利于促进和提高民众的身体健康。     

鄂西南农村中、小学体育现状调查及对策

运用问卷调查等方法对鄂西南地区40所农村中、小学体育现状进行了调查,结果表明:鄂西南农村中、小学体育受重视程度不够,客观条件不足,教学组织较为混乱,学生课外活动具有一定盲目性,场地、器材短缺是制约学生课外活动的主要因素.应转变观念,提高认识,加强师资队伍建设及学生课外活动的指导工作,增加资金投入.     

苏州市初中生体质与体力活动相关性分析

目的：本文旨在了解苏州地区初中生体质与体力活动现状,并分析体质与体力活动之间的相关性,以期为苏州市初中学校针对性地提高学生体力活动和体质水平提供科学依据。方法：对苏州某初中657名初中生进行体质测试,对其中280名初中生发放＂Bouchard体力活动日记＂和Yamax Digi-walker701型计步器,记录其每天的步行数,共记录一个星期。用Excel软件和SPSS软件对数据进行分析处理。结果：初中男、女生周末步行数与体质成绩呈显著性相关,相关系数分别为0.200（p〈0.01）和0.157（p〈0.05）;周末静坐时间和一周静坐时间与学生的BMI存在显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.143（p〈0.05）和0.111（p〈0.05）。结论：初中生的体力活动与体质有一定关系,周末的体力活动量对于学生的体质影响较大。     

Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice.     

Sexual dimorphism in bone–muscle relationship in young adults

The purpose of this study was to analyse associations between lean soft tissue (LST), a surrogate of skeletal muscle mass and key fracture-related geometric characteristics of the proximal femur. Moreover, we examined the role that muscle played on the proximal femur geometry in response to physical activity (PA). Participants were 83 young adults. Leg LST (exposure) was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Proximal femur geometry was derived from a left hip DXA scan. Geometric variables (outcomes) included the femoral neck axis length (FNAL), the femoral neck width (FNW), the neck–shaft angle and FNW|FNAL (an index of robustness). PA was evaluated by accelerometry. Linear regression was used to analyse relationships. Additional exposure variables included body height and mass. In males, leg LST explained 17.4% of variation in FNAL (P < 0.001) and 15% in FNW (P = 0.015). In females, it explained 8.8% of the variance in FNAL (P = 0.020). Associations remained significant in males, but not in females, when vigorous PA was added to the models. These results suggest that public health approaches to promote PA may be particularly important in females since vigorous PA seems to convey advantages in femur geometry and consequently in bone strength.