Connecting brawn,brains, and people: an exploration of non-traditional outcomes of youth stewardship programs

Programs in which youth work collectively on an environmental stewardship project may provide social learning opportunities that support social-ecological system resilience and the development of social ties. However, few empirical investigations document the social learning processes that actually occur in these programs. This paper presents a multi-case study ethnography of six summer youth civic ecology education programs. Methods included participant observation, interviews, and group mind-mapping. The results suggest that programs offered moderate social learning contexts, with participants having little say over the direction and design of the program’s environmental stewardship goals. Nevertheless, participants worked together and collaborated on projects led by program leaders, with whom they developed strong ties. In programs focused on a single issue in one place, participants shifted their conceptual frames to include locally relevant concepts. While participants did not form strong ties with other program participants or with individuals from outside programs, they valued experiences where they led volunteers or were observed by others doing stewardship work. These results suggest that environmental stewardship programs can be designed to enhance social learning opportunities, which could incorporate strategies to increase youth developing ties with each other and with outside organizations.     

对交通事故责任认定的再认识

交通事故责任认定,是公安机关交通管理部门的一项重要管理工作.本文运用行政法学理论,对交通事故责任认定的本质特征进行分析,认为,只有1把交通事故责任认定界定为行政机关的具体行政行为,才能引入制约与监督机制,克服该项管理活动中随心所欲、滥用职权、违法认定的现象,使交通事故责任认定更客观、公正、合法,切实维护交通事故当事人的合法权益.     

Child care program directors: What skills do they need? Results of a statewide survey

Experienced child care directors (N=217) were asked to prioritize the skills that would be essential for a novice director to have. The duties were arranged into categories that included fiscal responsibility, personnel management, physical space management, overseeing the children's program, monitoring health and safety, supervising meals and meeting nutritional needs, working with parents, marketing the program, and program evaluation. The directors who responded were all from Minnesota. They felt it was essential to meet state licensing requirements as the first priority. They offered suggestions to beginning directors in each category. They found on-the-job training and having a mentor were helpful in learning the director's role. The author recommended that licensing requirements for directors be examined since many states' minimum standards do not reflect the administrative skills those in the field consider essential for this responsible position.     

面向自主化学习模式的教务管理系统的设计

基于网络的本系统设计，在结构上采用了C／S和B／S相结合的模式。拓展了“前台”的教管功能：面向自主学习模式的管理功能，使系统在兼顾学年制管理的同时，突出学分制管理的特征：基于Web的信息平台，可供学员随时、随地进行注册、获取教学计划和个人学籍资料，加强了对学员主体性个人学习计划的制定和实施的支持和服务。作为功能的补充，该系统与中央电大教务管理平台的数据相兼容，便于数据的相互交换，使电大信息化教学管理的重心向基层电大下移。此外，系统还具有较好的安全性、容错性、可靠性和可维护性。     

对电子政府下行政决策问题的理性思考

电子政府在促进行政决策科学化、民主化的同时，也会从反面影响行政决策。过量信息的提供会引起盲目决策，使有缺陷的技术官僚统治得到强化，网络安全问题将影响决策信息的真实性。为此，必须尽快提高政府公务人员素质，创建和完善相关法律法规，实现行政决策程序的法制化，注意现代手段与传统方法的有机结合，最终实现行政决策的科学化、民主化。     

现代化进程中的行政文化转型

在现代化的进程中,中国行政文化转型是不可或缺的一个环节,这是由行政文化转型的内在机制即行政文化超越性与自在性的永恒矛盾决定的。传统文化的弊端和西方先进文化的冲击构成了行政文化转型的具体原因。因此,行政文化的创新和整合成为行政文化转型的方式和途径。     

当代中国行政体制改革目标模式构成分析

当代中国行政体制改革的目标模式由两部分构成，即“效率优先，兼顾民主”的价值目标和“新公共管理补充理性官僚制”的管理模式目标。前者决定管理模式的基本构架，后者保证价值目标的有效实现，二者一里一表，相辅相成。     

对河南省计划生育行政执法工作的思考

河南省计划生育行政执法工作近年来虽然得到加强和提高 ,但仍存在一些突出问题 ,因此 ,应坚决贯彻“七个不准”的规定 ,建立健全计划生育执法监督机制 ,强化教育 ,改善机构 ,转变内部机制 ,提高计划生育执法队伍的整体水平。     

信息挖掘与科学决策初探

信息是决策的基础，信息质量的高低，直接影响到决策者的决策。信息工作者应全面了解信息挖掘的一般方法，探索挖掘高质量的信息所必须遵循的一般规律。只有站在决策者的高度，结合当前实际进行深入的信息挖掘，才能为决策科学决策服好务。     

论行政有权解释

行政法解释分为行政有权解释、行政工作解释和行政行为的解释。主要论述我国法律解释制度的新发展以及行政有权解释的主体、对象和程序,并分析了行政有权解释实践中存在的问题。