How students perceive teachers’ nonverbal and verbal communication at agricultural universities in Austria,Slovenia and Albania

Purpose: This study attempts to close the research gap created by the fact that existing studies neglect the problem of how effectively agricultural professors from different European countries communicate. The aim is to identify similarities and differences in the numbers of agricultural professors perceived by students as engaging in verbal and nonverbal immediacy communication.

Methodology: An online survey was conducted among students of agricultural universities from Austria, Slovenia and Albania.

Findings: The results show that professors of agriculture from Austria, Slovenia and Albania should generally not be satisfied with their own communication patterns and should thus try to improve their communication. The result also reveals cultural differences in the shares of agriculture professors employing different communication patterns in Austria, Slovenia and Albania. Compared to Austrian and Slovenian students, their Albanian peers perceive that most of their professors use nonverbal immediacy communication. According to Austrian students, the majority of their professors use verbal immediacy. On the contrary, Albanian students assessed that some of their professors employ verbal immediacy.

Practical Implications: The results show the professors of agriculture should improve the way they communicate to students. In particular, the Albanian professors should improve their verbal communication especially in terms of providing timely and quality feedback to students.

Theoretical implications: The study reveals differences in immediacy communication among countries (Austria, Slovenia and Albania) which the scientific literature considers to have a high-context culture.

Originality/Value: Given that no study has yet examined how students perceive professors’ communication in different European countries, this research helps understand the characteristics of agricultural professors’ communication.     

高等农业职教人才培养对策研究

终身教育体系的形成、职业教育法律体系的完善、教育制度的不断创新，为高等农业职业技术教育带来了新的发展机遇，同时也提出了严峻挑战。为此，高等农业职业技术教育应突出自身特色，从合理定位培养目标、突出能力、职业本位性、拓宽专业口径、加强师资队伍建设、健全课程与教学体系等方面，全面构筑新型人才培养体系。     

农业土地集约化经营

农业土地细碎化是制约中国农业发展的最重要因素,它导致农业土地粗放型经营、农产品成本居高不下、农民增产不增收等一系列问题.土地集约化经营是相对于农业土地分散经营、粗放经营而言,它是一种更能适应现代化要求的土地经营模式,它主要是通过土地流转实现土地整合,增加对土地的资本、技术投入,以达到提高土地利用效率、增加经济效益之目的.推进农业土地集约化经营是中国农村发展的必然选择.     

我国实施工业反哺农业的制约因素探析

我国工业反哺农业的政策是解决“三农”问题的重大战略举措，对农业的现代化起到了巨大而积极的影响。目前，我国实施反哺农业还存在诸多制约因素，工农业发展现状制约着反哺农业的实际效率，反哺农业的组织体系和监督机制也不够完善。只有认真分析这些制约因素，才能找出切实可行的反哺农业的具体措施。     

湘南农业地域空间结构的调整与优化

湖南农业发展的自然、社会和经济条件较为有利，农业部门结构和地域空间结构的调整和优化都已取得了实质性进展，但问题尚多。有待以市场为导向,以质量为效益为中心，以提高农民的收益为目标，按照一定原则，科学规划，合理布局。     

农民专业合作经济组织——推进社会主义新农村建设的重要引擎

推进社会主义新农村建设,生产发展是关键,增强农民自身的造血功能是重要目的,因而有效引导农民有组织地进入市场,最终实现小生产与大市场的对接十分重要.从对比分析农户进入市场的两条主要路径入手,指出农民专业合作经济组织能够最有效地提高农户进入市场的组织化程度,是社会主义新农村建设不可或缺的重要力量.要加强其自身的制度、功能等方面的建设,并营造有利于组织发展的良好外部环境,真正发挥它在新农村建设中的重要作用.     

论高校后勤社会化在高等教育产业化中的作用

揭示高校后勤社会化的内涵需要一定的前提条件，社会主义市场经济对后勤社会化改革的深刻影响往往是通过高等教育产业化的具体要求来实现。高校后勤社会化在高等教育产业化中的作用亦成了探讨的一个重点。     

论清末新政农业政策对中国近代农业的影响

清末新政农业政策的调整范围主要有：调整管理农业的行政机构；鼓励兴办农会；奖励垦荒；提倡改良农业技术。它在四个方面发挥了作用；促进中国新式农业教育事业的发展；改良、引进农产品种和生产工具以及改进农业技术；农产品商品化程度的提高；农业经营出现了有限资本主义化。但它对中国农业现代化所起的作用是十分有限的。     

Distributing and Showing Farmer Learning Videos in Bangladesh

Purpose: To describe the results of showing farmer learning videos through different types of volunteers.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Semi-structured interviews with volunteers from different occupational groups in Bangladesh, and a phone survey with 227 respondents.

Findings: Each occupational group acted differently. Shop keepers, tillage service providers, agricultural input and machine dealers reached fairly small audiences. Tea stall owners had large, male audiences. Non-governmental organisations and community-based organisations, reached more women. The cable TV (dish-line) operators showed the videos on local TV, but some were reluctant to do so again. The Union Information Service Centres showed the videos and reached women viewers. Half of the official government extension agents surveyed also showed the videos publically.

Practical Implication: This video featured maize, wheat and rice seeding machinery. Because the machinery is complex and requires hands-on training, this first video aimed to expose tillage and sowing service providers and farmers to the machinery, without trying to teach them how to use it. But some farmers were so interested that they watched the video many times to learn more about the equipment. Before farmers and service providers decide to buy machinery for direct seeding, they still want to see and learn from demonstration plantings, to examine first-hand how the crop behaves when planted with the new equipment.

Originality/Value: Video can be an effective way of sharing high-quality information with a large audience, if properly distributed.     

都市农业的区位分析

作为一种崭新的农业形态,都市农业于20世纪上半叶率先出现于欧洲及美、日等发达地区和国家。通过系统整理国内外都市农业研究文献,对都市农业的内涵、功能、特征进行了概念上的描述。定义都市农业为在都市化地区,利用田园景观,自然生态及环境资源,结合农业生产和经营活动及农村文化,为人们生产、生活提供空间的大农业。对于都市农业的区位选择问题,利用杜能的农业区位理论对都市农业的产业带区位选择进行了较深入的分析,同时对我国都市农业的产生及发展和都市农业的布局进行了分析。