Systemic adaptation to a changing environment: Towards a next generation of quality assurance models

Quality assessment has been part of thefeedback mechanisms of European highereducation systems since around 1980. Due tointernal dynamics, `erosion' of theeffectiveness of first-generation qualityassessment systems has led to loss ofcredibility (legitimacy) of these systems inthe late 1990s. External dynamics alsonecessitate designing a next generation ofquality assurance systems. They include notablya loss of transparency (hence, legitimacy) ofthe European higher education system throughincreased internationalisation (most notablythrough the Bologna process) which puts new,increased demands on institutional arrangementsfor quality assurance.In this paper, we first intend to schematisethe developments of quality assurance in highereducation by introducing a phase model of theeffects of internal and external dynamics.Next, we will analyse this phase model from theperspective of argumentative policy inquiry.Finally, we will contrast policy developmentsin higher education with one other example,viz. environmental policy in the Netherlands.The conclusions of this comparison, as well asthe new challenges set for quality assurance inhigher education by the Bologna process, arethe subject matter for the final section of ourpaper.     

《文选》不录"说"体辨——"说"的文体辨析与小说的形成

“说”作为文体有七种形态:解说、论说、小说、诸事、叙说、辩说、上书。其各自的文体特点,或说理、或以叙事说理、或叙事,其行进路线由说理至以叙事说理、至单纯叙事,就成为小说。《文心雕龙》与《文选》所述为狭义的“说”,视“说”有两种形态:“辩说”与“上书”。《文选》不录“辩说”,其原因在于认定它未独立成篇章,又不可“剪截”。     

法律方法之运用探析——以许霆案为例

法律方法对于法治具有重要的意义,在一定程度上可以限制法官的恣意审判。法律方法也是法官必须掌握的一种工具,有利于实现司法的公正和判决结果的合理性。在某些疑难案例中,法律方法的正确运用显得至关重要。本文结合许霆案,对法律方法的运用进行全方位分析,以期探求在应对疑难案件时的运用思路和方法。     

言之无文行而不远--议论文的可读性研究

议论文是认识和传播真理、直接表明作者的观点和主张的一种重要文体。研究议论文语言的可读性，既是提高此类文体写作水平的需要，更是发挥其社会作用的迫切要求。从总体来看，议论文可读性包括对事实和理论适当的形象化表述，顺口悦耳的语言组织和幽默风趣、情味盎然的语言表达。     

Factors Related to the Extent of Mortality among Home Economics Students in Certain Colleges of Minnesota,Wisconsin and Iowa during 1943-50

Because of low verbal skills exhibited by deaf subjects and because of earlier research results linking verbal behavior to aesthetic behavior, this preliminary investigation sought to lay some groundwork for an empirical study of the relationship between these two ordering systems. This study states the postulates upon which our working paradigm is based and presents the results of a correlational analysis of syntactic and aesthetic preference scores of ninety-two deaf high school students (both profoundly deaf and legally deaf). The results appear to corroborate earlier findings linking syntactic and aesthetic behavior. The study suggests the direction for an experimental study which is now in operation under a university grant.     

The Effects of Prior-knowledge and Online Learning Approaches on Students’ Inquiry and Argumentation Abilities

This study investigated the effects of students’ prior science knowledge and online learning approaches (social and individual) on their learning with regard to three topics: science concepts, inquiry, and argumentation. Two science teachers and 118 students from 4 eighth-grade science classes were invited to participate in this research. Students in each class were divided into three groups according to their level of prior science knowledge; they then took either our social- or individual-based online science learning program. The results show that students in the social online argumentation group performed better in argumentation and online argumentation learning. Qualitative analysis indicated that the students’ social interactions benefited the co-construction of sound arguments and the accurate understanding of science concepts. In constructing arguments, students in the individual online argumentation group were limited to knowledge recall and self-reflection. High prior-knowledge students significantly outperformed low prior-knowledge students in all three aspects of science learning. However, the difference in inquiry and argumentation performance between low and high prior-knowledge students decreased with the progression of online learning topics.     

类比法与归谬法的比较研究

类比法与归谬法是两种既有联系又有区别的逻辑推理方法。它们之间在构成的心理基础、客观依据以及论证模式、借助手法等方面相同;在建构方法的复杂程度、语用效果、语用策略、语用风格等方面有区别。区分类比法与归谬法的同异,目的在于在论证中更好地运用这两种方法,使论证更具有说服力。     

A group intelligence-based asynchronous argumentation learning-assistance platform

Structured argumentation support environments have been built and used in scientific discourse in the literature. However, to the best our knowledge, there is no research work in the literature examining whether student’s knowledge has grown during learning activities with asynchronous argumentation. In this work, an intelligent computer-supported collaborative argumentation-based learning platform that detects whether the learners address the expected discussion issues is proposed. After each learner presents an argument, a term weighting method is adopted to derive input parameters of a one-class support vector machines classifier which determines if the learners’ arguments are related to the discussion topics. Notably, a peer review mechanism is established to improve the quality of the classifier. Besides, a feedback module is used to issue feedback messages to the learners if the learners have gone off on a tangent. The experimental results revealed that the students were benefited by the proposed learning-assistance platform.     

真假同构、一形二体：《红楼梦》中“宝玉”新论

《红楼梦》中有三个宝玉：通灵宝玉、贾宝玉、甄宝玉,贾宝玉与通灵宝玉是真假同构的关系。贾宝玉和甄宝玉是一形二体、真假同构的关系,三个宝玉之间“真假同构、一形二体”的构造体现了作者的煞费苦心和叙事策略,在小说中具有特殊的视角功能和象征性文化意象功能,同时也增强了小说的美感和可读性,使得小说具有特殊的韵味。从小说写作的时代背景来看,这种煞费苦心的构造也是作者避祸的特殊心理使然。     

Now you’re making it up,brother: Paul Robeson,HUAC, and the challenge of institutional narrative authority

In the mid 1950s, the House Committee on Un-American Activities was a rhetorical colossus. Within the closed doors of a hearing, committee members displayed a rhetorical mastery of procedural, topical, and logical moves that left even the best-prepared witnesses sputtering. HUAC used institutional narrative authority as a major rhetorical resource. This strategy rhetorically produced a narrative “reality” conducive to achieving institutional goals. Having established the “official” version of events, the committee situated further argumentation within a value hierarchy that placed national security above “secondary” values that witnesses attempted to invoke in their defenses. A notable exception to the committee's rhetorical dominance came in the 1956 testimony of Paul Robeson, an African American singer and activist who had been called before the committee to answer for pro-Soviet statements he made while traveling abroad. Using a number of rhetorical tactics to disrupt the institutional narrative, Robeson was able to recontextualize his comments within an interpretive framework of racial justice in America – a debate the committee was less prepared to handle. This article contributes to ongoing studies of institutional rhetoric, especially rhetorical argumentation that takes place within institutional settings.