现代海洋牧场建设的人工生态系统理论思考

文章在系统总结国内外海洋牧场概念演进过程及其实践发展历程的基础上,提出现代海洋牧场建设存在生态学理论缺失、生态工程技术缺少、生态管理缺位问题。以问题为导向提出海洋牧场人工生态系统概念,并从海洋牧场渔业资源关键功能群构造及其生境营造角度,全面剖析了海洋牧场人工生态系统的结构原理。最后探讨了海洋牧场人工生态系统构筑的基本范式,包括海洋牧场人工生态系统方案规划设计、生态工程与智能工程建设、生态适应性管理模式建立等,以期为我国现代海洋牧场建设探索生态学理论体系。     

人工砂制备混凝土掺比及其性能的研究

通过设计在不同配合比的人工砂和天然砂试验,定性的找到了不同配比与人工砂混凝土抗压强度及干缩性的关系曲线。实验研究结果表明,随着人工砂掺量的增加,人工砂混凝土抗压性能有明显的提高,但是其干缩性能越差。因此,人工砂与天然砂的配合比为3:2时,C40人工砂混凝土有较好的抗压性能和干缩性能,能够达到相应规范的硬性指标。     

人工智能视域下的课程变革及未来走向

课程的发展史实际上也是一部媒介技术的变迁史,从历史的发展脉络来看,课程随着技术发展经历口传课程阶段、经典课程阶段、教科书课程阶段、云课程阶段和智能课程阶段。人工智能技术与课程的融合将引发课程的革命性结构变革,主要表现为:从“职业人”到“自由人”的课程价值,从既定知识到素养深化的课程目标,从固定统一到私人定制的课程内容,从静态单一到动态灵活的课程形态,个性化、混合性与体验性的课程实施,游离性、即时性与精准性的课程评价,从“课程知识的传授者”到“课程意义的建构者”的教师角色以及虚拟生活化且无边界的课程场域。在未来,随着人工技术与课程融合程度的加深,将越来越凸显个体意义在课程中的建构,文化适宜性在课程中的表达以及课程的创造性组织与再组织。     

Photosystem II-based biomimetic assembly for enhanced photosynthesis

Photosystem II (PSII) is a fascinating photosynthesis-involved enzyme, participating in sunlight-harvest, water splitting, oxygen release, and proton/electron generation and transfer. Scientists have been inspired to couple PSII with synthetic hierarchical structures via biomimetic assembly, facilitating attainment of natural photosynthesis processes, such as photocatalytic water splitting, electron transfer and ATP synthesis, in vivo. In the past decade, there has been significant progress in PSII-based biomimetic systems, such as artificial chloroplasts and photoelectrochemical cells. The biomimetic assembly approach helps PSII gather functions and properties from synthetic materials, resulting in a complex with partly natural and partly synthetic components. PSII-based biomimetic assembly offers opportunities to forward semi-biohybrid research and synchronously inspire optimization of artificial light-harvest micro/nanodevices. This review summarizes recent studies on how PSII combines with artificial structures via molecular assembly and highlights PSII-based semi-natural biosystems which arise from synthetic parts and natural components. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and remaining problems for PSII-based systems and the outlook for their development and applications. We believe this topic provides inspiration for rational designs to develop biomimetic PSII-based semi-natural devices and further reveal the secrets of energy conversion within natural photosynthesis from the molecular level.     

划船运动员静力及动力性肌肉运动疲劳时肌氧含量的变化特征及对EMG参数的影响

研究目的：1）研究静力和动力性肌肉运动疲劳时肌肉氧含量的变化特点厦其规律；2）了解静力性、动力性递增强度运动时EMG参数变化；3）探讨肌氧含量与EMG参数变化之间的关系，为肌肉疲劳时影响肌电肌氧机制提供可能的理论基础。研究方法：1）肌氧含量的测试：探头纵向旋转让光源和检测器的轴线平行于股外侧肌外侧头大腿测定运动时肌氧含量的变化；2）肌电的测试：采用表面肌电图的测量，得出表面电图各指标参数；3）静力负荷等长收缩：通过力量传感器测出其最大肌肉收缩所对应的MVC；4）动力性负荷运动：采取功率自行车逐级递增负荷的测试方法作为肌肉的动力性运动，同步记录EMG参数，并在每一级负荷朱30S采血测定血乳酸浓度。结论：静力性运动时E／T值大幅度增大的时间大多出现在肌氧停止下降之后，肌氧的降低程度与肌肉疲劳程度有关。动力性运动时血乳酸值随负荷而增加，IEMG的变化趋势与血乳酸相似，IEMG、Oxy-Hb、BI值三者呈非常显著性相关，表明肌肉疲劳时肌肉氧供和内环境的改变也是影响EMG信号的重要因素。     

Behavioral effects of colorful lights with different spectra on siberian rubythroat Luscinia calliope

To investigate the activities of typical night-migrating birds under the light with various spectral compositions during autumn migration,23 Siberian Rubythroat Luscinia calliope were tested under colorful LED lights with different wavelengths and mixed white at 100 lx.Using behavior response as an indicator,the quantitative relationship between the activity level of test birds and illumination stimulation duration was acquired.It was found that the visible light sensitivity of Siberian Rubythroat was the highest for the 478 nm turquoise and decreased towards the 622 nm red.     

白术对小鼠小肠平滑肌活动的影响

以等长收缩的形式观察并记录了不同浓度的白术对小鼠小肠平滑肌收缩功能的影响。结果表明白术能显著增强小肠平滑肌收缩幅度、收缩频率，能显著延长小肠平滑肌在缺氧情况下的收缩时间。40mL台氏液中分别添加0．05g、0．10g、0．20g和0．50g白术的提取液，可使最大收缩幅度分别增强11．86％、45．85％、47．04％和44．66％；平均收缩幅度分别增强29．07％、73．84％、69．77％和63．37％；收缩频率分别增加12．94％、18．53％、34．27％和29．72％；抗缺氧的能力分别提高19．62％、39．62％、64．15％和71．32％。提示白术健胃益脾补肝理气药理作用的机理很可能是通过增强小肠平滑肌的收缩强度，提高小肠平滑肌的收缩频率，改善小肠平滑肌对抗缺氧的能力实现的。     

Isokinetic imbalance of adductor–abductor hip muscles in professional soccer players with chronic adductor-related groin pain

This study aims to compare the isokinetic profile of hip abductor and adductor muscle groups between soccer players suffering from chronic adductor-related groin pain (ARGP), soccer players without ARGP and healthy volunteers from general population. Study included 36 male professional soccer players, who were randomly selected and followed-up over two years. Of the 21 soccer players eligible to participate in the study, 9 players went on to develop chronic ARGP and 12 players did not. Ten healthy male volunteers were randomly selected from the general population as a control group. Comparison between the abductor and adductor muscle peak torques for players with and without chronic ARGP found a statistically significant difference on the dominant and non-dominant sides (p?p?p?=?.008). The adductor muscle strength was also significantly decreased on the affected side. This imbalance appears to be a risk factor for adductor-related groin injury. Therefore, restoring the correct relationship between these two agonist and antagonist hip muscles may be an important preventative measure that should be a primary concern of training and rehabilitation programmes.     

不同强度运动肌氧含量变化特点

采用近红外光谱测定技术 (NIRS) ,通过监测不同强度运动 (10s、45s全力运动和 6min稳态亚极量运动 )下肌氧含量的变化 ,揭示无氧代谢和有氧代谢过程中肌氧供给和消耗的基本特征。结果表明不同负荷变化和不同运动能力都能影响肌氧含量的变化 ,并且基于NIRS技术的肌氧指标可作为一项无损测定的、敏感的指标 ,用于反映运动能力的差异