An Australian study of generic competencies required by engineers

Engineering curricula have expanded in recent decades. In addition to science and technical engineering, they now include several non-technical competencies. This is a trend reinforced by programme accreditation. The authors take the viewpoint that it is important to ensure that graduates have the competencies they will require for their work. The following question is addressed: What are the generic competencies that engineers graduating in Australia require for their work as engineers?

Competencies were identified from a broad range of literature and then rated by 300 established engineers for importance to their jobs. The results indicated that non-technical, attitudinal and technical competencies were perceived to be important. Eleven competency factors were revealed empirically. Profiles of these competency factors among graduates would assist evaluation and improvement of engineering programmes. This is the first quantitative study conducted in Australia that encompassed all engineering disciplines and focused on established engineers rather than recent graduates.     

冠词指类特征的认知阐释

通过对"冠词+名词(形容词)"表示类指的特征进行分类研究,深入探讨冠词在名词词组中表达类别功能的作用。冠词的指类特征与其基本属性有着密切的关系,特别是在"the+形容词"结构中,冠词促使形容词名词化并赋予其类别语义特征。     

静态代码属性与软件模块缺陷数的偏相关分析

为了解决因选择不同的静态代码属性子集而带来的不同软件缺陷预测性能的分歧,采用偏相关分析法,分析了静态代码属性之间的相关性,以及该相关性对预测算法的影响。在Eclipse数据集（包括发布前与发布后的缺陷数据）上的实验结果表明,静态代码属性之间存在偏相关。同时,也证实了偏相关是软件质量分析的非常重要的因素,为建立软件缺陷预测模型提供了可靠的分析方法。     

从认知凸显视角看时间特征与时空隐喻的相似性

时间具有抽象性,人们利用具体的空间词汇描述时间,即通过空间隐喻认识时间。从认知凸显视角分析时间特征,发现其与时空隐喻之间具有相似性。英汉两种语言中时空隐喻都凸显了时间的伸缩性、线性和方向性特征。     

论文化产业的属性及政策导向

文化产业是我国最具潜力的新兴产业之一。就产业属性而言,文化产业是国民经济产业系列中的一种产业,具有产业发展的共性;同时文化产业又属于精神生产范畴,遵循不同于物质生产的特殊的生产规律;文化产业还具有意识形态属性。三种属性使得文化产业成为国民经济中的一个特殊产业。只有既考虑其一般性,又尊重其特殊性,才能制定出促进文化产业健康发展的产业政策。     

我国体育非物质文化遗产的属性研究——以达斡尔、鄂温克、鄂伦春族为例

摘要：运用文献资料、实地考察、逻辑分析和比较分析等研究方法,对达斡尔、鄂温克、鄂伦春族体育非物质文化遗产的相关理论及其相互关系问题进行了探讨,重点论述了其特有属性和共有属性。主要结论：概念是对象本质的外在表现和反映;本质是对象本身固有的本质属性,也是区别于其它同类事物的一种决定性因素;属性是对象体内固有的、客观存在的性质特征状态,包括对象的性质以及对象之间的关系。属性又分为特有属性和共有属性,其中特有属性来源于对象的性质,并决定着对象的本质;达斡尔、鄂温克、鄂伦春族体育非物质文化遗产的特有属性,包括健身性和公平性;共有属性包括竞争性、审美性、娱乐性、民族性、地域性、传承性和变异性。研究目的在于厘清属性及与属性相关概念之间的关系,认清和重视我国体育非物质文化遗产的文化内涵及属性特点,避免和解决在实际保护中存在的问题,为我国体育非物质文化遗产得到有效的传承与发展提供参考。     

面向产品概念设计的用户需求目标体系

在产品的研发阶段加强对产品概念属性组合的设计评估,以减少设计环节、明确设计方向,快速高效地转化用户需求目标来满足消费者的需求.文章分析了联合-层次分析在用户需求目标转化中的应用技术,提出了基于联合层次分析的用户需求目标体系的构建方法.     

基于多层线性模型的科研人员项目资源获得影响因素及其效应研究

本文结合全国范围内的一项抽样调查数据,以多层线性模型(HLM)为分析工具,考察了个体和单位两个层次的因素对科研人员获取项目资源的影响效应及影响机制.研究发现,科研人员在项目资源获得数量上的总体差异,既受性别、教育程度、职称、权力、私人关系等个体特征的影响,也有相当部分差异可以归因于单位类型、科研实力、单位规模等组织属性,后者所能解释的方差比例占到了近五分之一.单位属性既直接影响了不同科研机构的平均项目资源量,也结构性地调整了不同单位内个体特征对于项目资源获得的影响效应.对科研人员项目资源获得及相关的资源分配不平等等问题的探讨,需要重视对结构性、制度性因素(如单位属性)的把握和认识.     

基于语义加权距离的语义相似度改进算法

在信息检索领域,概念的语义相似度计算起着重要的作用。针对现有研究文献中语义相似度计算中的若干问题,本文在语义加权距离算法的基础上讨论了多继承问题和概念属性问题。对于多继承问题,探讨了概念之间通过父概念和子概念进行连接所得到的路径长度相等的情况;对于概念属性问题,本文将对象类型属性和数据类型属性区别对待,提出了数据类型属性的相似度算法。最后,通过计算一个实例中概念节点的相似度,证明了本文算法的有效性。     

The coming and going: the work of educational developers when admission criteria and desired outcomes change simultaneously

Higher education is facing a conundrum relevant to the field of educational development: expectations regarding entrance criteria and graduation attributes are changing simultaneously. Biggs' model of constructive alignment can be used to analyze the challenges presented by these shifts in expectation and help educational developers understand their pedagogical implications. In the present article, an expanded model is proposed in which entrance requirements are added to Biggs' original conceptualization. In so doing, the length of the “learning journey” – from entrance to outcomes – can be charted. When entrance requirements and graduate attributes change simultaneously, higher education must accommodate learning journeys of varying lengths and nature. Moving targets such as these can engender a sense of frustration, if not helplessness, for academic staff responsible for curricular and pedagogical enhancement. However, rather than responding with a sense of helplessness, the educational developer should see these shifts as a real opportunity to support the implementation of a broader range of student-centred teaching/learning activities. Recommendations related to educational development consultations are offered.