佤族木鼓原始用途考析

对于佤族木鼓的原始用途,目前学者持有警器说、法器说、乐器说、崇拜之物说等几种各异的观点。综合目前佤族木鼓研究成果、鼓文化研究成果以及佤族社会历史发展纪实,再根据事物发展普遍规律,佤族木鼓上述用途应是一种历时性而非共时性存在。在所有用途中,战争之用的警器应是其最原始的用途。     

Tacit Knowledge Exchange Oriented to Social Recommendation

为解决隐性知识交流存在的认知及表述、耗时等问题,针对隐性知识交流的社会化属性,引入社会化推荐来探讨其在隐性知识交流中的应用价值。通过分析社会化推荐在隐性知识交流中的工作机理,继而设计不同社区利用社会化推荐进行隐性知识交流的算法。同时,构建面向社会化推荐的隐性知识交流模型。     

Self-directed,genuine graduate attributes: the person-based approach

This paper examines the current understanding of the development of graduate attributes in higher education. The current understanding is rooted in the system-based, behaviouristic approach that emphasises the identification of graduate attributes and curriculum mapping. This approach gives little consideration to more relational-holistic, person-based approaches that emphasise students' agency in determining which graduate attributes they develop, why they choose to develop them and through what means. Although the system-based approach is necessary, this paper suggests that the person-based approach supplements it by addressing the development of meaningful graduate attributes for students in their evolving life and career circumstances. The development of quality graduate attributes involves more than the alignment of what is intended, taught and learned; rather, it occurs through students developing personal graduate attributes in a self-directed and genuinely engaged manner. This person-based perspective, stressing student self-directedness, has important implications for higher education that has as a principal goal the enrichment of student graduate attributes.     

Boundary crossing between higher education and the world of work: a case study in post-1994 Rwanda

Workplaces abound with knowledge that is different from the knowledge students gain at universities. Crossing the boundary from a university to a workplace can, therefore, be difficult for students. To compensate for the dearth of knowledge on how these issues play out in an African context, this study investigates how knowledge and experiences gained during academic studies were useful in the workplace by interviewing employers from sectors commonly open to university graduates and student representatives from all faculties at a Rwandan University. Open questionnaires were used to ascertain what kinds of changes might lead to more successful boundary crossing. The findings suggest that while domain-specific knowledge is an essential part of a university qualification, a stronger focus on generic skills is needed in order to help students cross the boundary and succeed in the workplace.     

Mimetic desire and intersubjectivity in disciplinary cultures: constraints or enablers to learning in higher education?

The interplay of the inner lives (intersubjectivity) of students and academics within a range of disciplinary cultural manifestations is a key element in the generation of student learning. This article suggests that research on student learning has yet to adequately articulate how this interplay occurs, suggesting that a focus on the influence of just one or two disciplinary cultural manifestations gives a partial image of how students become oriented toward or away from learning in higher education. Using a method that synthesizes the literature on organizational cultures, humanities cultural theory, cultural linguistic theory, and philosophical approaches to intersubjectivity, it identifies a framework for understanding the core conditions of learning within the disciplines that is complementary to psychological and phenomenological research on student learning. As an outcome of this exercise, this paper suggests that students' orientations are initiated within the intersubjective relationships that they encounter and that these relationships play out through the contradictions that exist between the full range of disciplinary manifestations. It closes by suggesting that how students interact with the paradoxes of the disciplinary environment is key to enabling them to manage the tension between their immediate subject study needs and broader learning patterns for their post-graduation lives.     

全球化语境中史志编纂工作的逆市场属性

在世界经济一体化和现代化进程快速推进的今天，史志编纂工作遇到了前所未有的危机，如何在全球化语境中保持民族化的区域特色和本土个性，这是每一个有责任感的化建设必须面对的课题，在这方面，史志的化保留功能不可小视，从这种意义上说，史志的地方特质决定了该化建设工程特殊的逆市场属性。     

Examining entrepreneurial attributes of Latin American female university students

The phenomenon of women engaging in entrepreneurship is expanding and becoming acknowledged as a valuable resource that must be institutionally and socially supported. Through entrepreneurship education, female students, as potential entrepreneurs, can develop and strengthen those skills and behaviours identified as characteristic of successful entrepreneurs. This paper explores four attributes associated with entrepreneurship (creativity, problem management, risk management, and self-confidence) of 1838 undergraduate students from 11 universities in Latin America (Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Uruguay) and one in Spain, used as a control group. By comparing the results for the male and female student population, self-confidence appears as an attribute that is present at the same level in both groups; statistically significant differences were reported for the other three attributes (creativity, problem management, and risk management). Entrepreneurship programmes can utilise such information to strengthen in female students those attributes for successful engagement in entrepreneurial activity.     

公允价值计量-涵义、应用与展望

公允价值作为一种会计计量属性,具有决策相关性强,能够真实、动态地反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量等诸多优点。在我国新颁布的会计准则中,公允价值被应用于投资性房地产、金融衍生工具、非共同控制下的企业合并等具体准则中,成为新会计准则中的一大亮点。公允价值目前暂在上市公司范围内采取谨慎、适度使用的态度,其应用条件有一定的限制,可防止成为进行利润操纵的工具。在中国会计准则日益同国际会计准则接轨、趋同的趋势下,公允价值的应用范围将逐渐趋于广泛。     

关于面向信息处理的蒙古语语义研究

蒙古信息处理，无论是基础研究，还是应用开发，都离不开对词汇进行语法属性和语义属性的描述，描述体系将全面地反映现代蒙古语常用词语的语义特征，为蒙古的各种应用系统提供较全面、翔实的语义知识，并且这些语义知识应该以易于算法化，形式化和机器处理的方式来提供。     

社会性、互动与权力--诠释课堂生活的社会学视角

社会性、互动、情境定义和权力等是教学社会学的主要关键词，它们可作为考察课堂生活与教学活动的极好的视角：教学是一个社会性的互动过程，是师生不断解释情境和创造教育意义的过程：课堂生活在反复磋商和冲突中充满了丰富性和复杂性；权力的控制与反控制昭示了课堂秩序的动态性。