Changing cognitions in parents of two‐year‐olds attending Scottish Sure Start centres

The study examined how preschool intervention programmes set up by three Scottish local authorities changed parents’ cognitions. Quantitative parent outcomes were measured using Parenting Daily Hassles Scales (N = 88). A matched comparison group of parents (N = 55) recruited from the same areas of disadvantage but whose children did not attend the intervention programmes also completed questionnaires. Qualitative outcomes were evaluated using semi‐structured interviews (N = 30). A significant group × time interaction effect was found for daily hassle cognitions, Parenting Task–Intensity, Challenging Behaviour–Frequency and Challenging Behaviour–Intensity, with comparison group parents showing an increase in their experience of hassles during the ‘terrible twos’ compared with intervention group parents. Complementary qualitative data indicated that intervention group parents had gained valuable new insights into their children’s behaviour, changing how they thought about their role as parents and their behavioural and developmental expectations of their children. Implications for parental engagement in preschool programmes are discussed.     

The ‘collateral impact’ of pupil behaviour and geographically concentrated socio‐economic disadvantage

Schools in areas of concentrated disadvantage tend to have below‐average attainment, but there is no consensus on why. Mental and behavioural disorders in children are correlated with socio‐economic disadvantage. This paper puts forward the hypothesis that the first phenomenon can at least partly be accounted for by the second phenomenon through the concept of ‘collateral impact’ – collateral impact refers to the effect of externalising or internalising behaviour by a pupil on other pupils' learning and attainment. The argument developing the hypothesis is presented. An analysis of where evidence to support the hypothesis is most likely to be found identifies primary schools in areas of concentrated disadvantage, although testing of the proposed hypothesis would best be conducted by independent researchers to pre‐empt questions of confirmability. Potential implications for policy and practice are discussed, particularly managing difficult group behaviour in primary schools.     

移动学习用户隐私信息披露行为实证研究

[目的/意义]通过构建移动学习用户隐私信息披露行为影响因素的理论模型,探究移动学习用户隐私行为的影响关系,以提高用户隐私信息披露意愿和对隐私信息的控制能力。[方法/过程]本文通过对隐私信息披露文献的查阅,运用问卷调查和实证研究相结合的方法,从行为态度、主观规范和行为控制3个方面分析了移动学习用户隐私信息披露行为,利用结构方程对提出的假设进行分析验证。[结果/结论]数据研究结果表明,隐私信息披露意愿对隐私信息披露行为有正向影响,感知移动学习收益性、移动学习用户社会影响、隐私控制自我效能和感知移动学习便利性对隐私信息披露意愿呈正向影响,而感知移动学习风险性则对隐私信息披露意愿呈负向影响。本研究能够帮助移动学习平台开发商更好地收集信息,为用户定制个性化的服务。[局限]研究的调查对象覆盖面较窄,对年龄、性别等因素之间的关系缺乏深入地分析。     

The meaning of team in team identification

A voluminous literature exists on the relationship between team identification and various consumer thoughts, attitudes, and behaviours. However, the psychological meaning of team to consumers remains unknown, as scholars have studied individuals’ identification with a team without empirically investigating its meaning. Following an interpretive mode of inquiry in this study, the authors used interviews and concept mapping to understand the meaning of team among fans of two separate teams. An important discovery is that the meaning of team evolves due to environmental changes and personal experiences. At the same time, the authors determined that the meaning of team in team identification has three broad components: place, past, and present, each of which uniquely contributes to the identity. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of this research on the team identification literature and offering suggestions to practitioners and researchers.     

Anabolic–androgenic steroid use and correlates in Norwegian adolescents

This paper surveys the prevalence and correlates of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use among Norwegian adolescents, and examines the degree to which sports participation is a mediating or moderating factor to well-known correlations between AAS use and problem behaviour. The data come from the “Ungdata” study, a cross-national youth survey system offered to all municipalities in Norway (response rate: 74%, N?=?77,572). The study demonstrates a lifetime prevalence of AAS use of 1.27% and a higher prevalence among boys (1.81%) than girls (0.76%). The analyses show that AAS use is clearly related to problem behaviour such as violence and other substance use. When controlling for problem behaviour, there are no correlations between AAS use and exercising in a sports club or on one’s own, whilst there is a weak positive correlation between AAS use and exercising in a gym or engaging in other forms of physical exercise such as dancing or martial arts. These patterns are more or less the same for boys and for girls. We conclude that adolescent AAS use is a low-prevalence phenomenon that primarily takes place in smaller subgroups of individuals who engage in other forms of problem behaviour as well.     

Protecting the Great Barrier Reef: analysing the impact of a conservation documentary and post-viewing strategies on long-term conservation behaviour

Nature-based tourism experiences have the potential to change the environmental knowledge, attitudes and behavior of visitors; but such experiences may be beyond the physical and/or financial reach of many people. To influence the conservation behavior of populations world-wide, a more accessible yet equally effective strategy is required. Using an experimental design, this study explored whether a conservation documentary about Australian marine environments, together with post-viewing support materials, prompted the adoption of conservation behaviours. Questionnaires revealed environmental knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions rose immediately after viewing the documentary. Ten weeks later, these levels were maintained or decreased slightly for those who received post-viewing support (Facebook, help sheet or both), but decreased markedly in the control group. Results are similar to those reported in wildlife tourism studies. Implications for the use of documentaries in place of nature experiences are discussed.     

Penguin Promises: encouraging aquarium visitors to take conservation action

This study investigates the impact of an innovative conservation action campaign called Penguin Promises implemented at uShaka Sea World in Durban, South Africa. Communication tools included interpretive signage, exhibits with and without animals, presentations, and personal interactions, along with a specially designed postcard, on which visitors could write a promise (pledge) to make a change in their daily lives to become more environmentally responsible. Visitors who completed a card were contacted a year or more after their visit and asked about the outcomes of their promise. The results (N = 316) showed that 49.4% of respondents could give an example of something positive they had done for the environment, that they attributed to the campaign. Based on the study, recommendations are provided for the design of effective visitor conservation action campaigns.     

数字内容传输渠道对消费者行为的影响研究

根据个人理性约束和激励相容约束,基于期望效用理论构造了数字内容消费者行为模型,运用计算机仿真技术分析了消费者的数字内容消费数量及其效用变化情况,研究了数字内容传输分发渠道对消费者行为的影响。研究结果表明：（1）在传统传输分发渠道下,数字内容价格对消费者数字内容消费数量及其效用影响显著,是影响消费者行为的重要因素;（2）在数字化网络传输分发渠道下,会员制收费模式的会员费直接影响消费者效用,按交易量收费模式通过数字内容消费数量间接影响消费者效用;（3）在双重传输分发渠道下,消费者效用和数字内容消费数量均高于上述传输分发渠道。综上可得,双重传输渠道更加符合消费者利益,为了体现消费者日益增强的影响力和主导权,数字内容供应商应该实施双重传输分发渠道策略。     

论农户行为模式转型与中国粮食安全问题

农户行为模式是粮食供给体系借以建立的基础。在农户多行为模式的框架下,可以很好地分析市场化及农产品、要素价格变动对农户行为转型和粮食供给机制变更的影响,描述以传统农业市场的弱势均衡和专业化农业市场的非对称调节机制为核心的抑制粮食产业发展的机制系统,以及可能形成的粮食产业退化。价格、补贴政策具有很大局限性,确保粮食安全的关键是建立一个主力农户群体+定价权的产出体系。     

河南省医护人员体育意识与行为调查研究

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对河南省医护人员体育意识与行为进行调查研究,结果表明河南省医护人员有着良好的体育意识,但河南省医护人员中体育人口仅为20.24%,低于全国平均水平。影响河南省医护人员参与体育锻炼的主要因素有工作繁忙、余暇时间少、缺少体育场地设施、没有兴趣等,针对以上情况提出了建议。