马铃薯脱毒苗生产管理技术改良与应用研究

利用茎尖脱毒生产脱毒种薯是解决马铃薯退化的根本性措施,本试验通过改良制定出新的马铃薯脱毒瓶苗生产工艺流程,从培养基制作、温度控制、瓶装苗及其污染控制、消毒灭菌和定期检查等方面研究了马铃薯脱毒苗快繁生产管理技术和脱毒苗扩繁技术关键,提出降低凭苗污染率和生长量的调控措施,使马铃薯脱毒瓶苗快繁技术应用更加完善和有效。     

解决安塞县城缺水问题的工程布局思路

通过介绍安塞县城缺水概况及解决安塞县城缺水问题的前期工作过程和设计部门的工程布局思路为解决其他地区同类问题提供了宝贵的参考价值。     

人为排放水汽对北京地区雾霾天气的影响分析

根据国家气象局中国天气网站公布的北京和河北部分城市整点天气实况以及环保部公布的空气质量指数等资料分析了北京地区空气含水量的本底值和雾霾气候条件下的增量。结果表明,采暖季节,人为释放的水气量导致北京地区空气含水量产生较大幅度的增加,对北京地区的雾霾天气加重起着不可忽视的作用。经过对2016年12月和2017年12月两次雾霾天气过程的分析,发现其平均空气含水量高出本底值0.78g/m3,北京城区站2017年12月29日0~7时空气含水量增幅为24.4%。     

Paving the road toward the use of β-Fe2O3 in solar water splitting: Raman identification,phase transformation and strategies for phase stabilization

Although β-Fe₂O₃ has a high theoretical solar-to-hydrogen efficiency because of its narrow band gap, the study of β-Fe₂O₃ photoanodes for water splitting is elusive as a result of their metastable nature. Raman identification of β-Fe₂O₃ is theoretically and experimentally investigated in this study for the first time, thus clarifying the debate about its Raman spectrum in the literature. Phase transformation of β-Fe₂O₃ to α-Fe₂O₃ was found to potentially take place under laser and electron irradiation as well as annealing. Herein, phase transformation of β-Fe₂O₃ to α-Fe₂O₃ was inhibited by introduction of Zr doping, and β-Fe₂O₃ was found to withstand a higher annealing temperature without any phase transformation. The solar water splitting photocurrent of the Zr-doped β-Fe₂O₃ photoanode was increased by 500% compared to that of the pure β-Fe₂O₃ photoanode. Additionally, Zr-doped β-Fe₂O₃ exhibited very good stability during the process of solar water splitting. These results indicate that by improving its thermal stability, metastable β-Fe₂O₃ film is a promising photoanode for solar water splitting.     

黄河流域农村饮水安全问题及对策

21世纪以来中国农村饮水安全工程建设取得重大成就,截至2018年底,全国农村自来水普及率已达到80%以上,解决了绝大多数农村人口的安全饮水问题。然而黄河流域部分农村地区水资源短缺、水源水质差、饮水型地方病危害重、饮用水水源地缺乏保护和农村饮水安全工程不完善等问题突出,饮水安全保障工作相对于全国农村饮水安全工程进程较为滞后。为切实解决黄河流域农村人民群众的饮水安全问题,促进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,本文综述了目前黄河流域饮水安全突出的问题,并结合全国农村饮水提质增效的工作目标,提出了进一步做好流域内农村饮水安全工作的建议,包括实现水资源动态配置、加强饮水安全设施建设和工程管理、强化水源地保护与监测等,从优先保障饮用水水量和水质方面全面维护流域内农村地区的饮水安全。     

黄土高原水土保持工程措施的生态系统服务

黄土高原严重的水土流失是黄河泥沙的主要来源。自1950s以来大规模实施的水土保持工程建设是黄土高原水土流失治理的重要举措,在减少入黄泥沙方面做出了巨大贡献。水土保持工程措施通过直接或间接地作用于坡面、沟道的水文过程和物质迁移过程等,改变了水资源和土壤资源的时空分配格局,在土壤保持、粮食供给、水文调节等方面发挥了重要作用,对黄河流域生态安全具有重要贡献。本文系统综述了黄土高原水土保持工程措施的发展演变,阐述了水土保持工程措施对水土过程的作用机制及对关键生态系统服务的贡献,探讨了新形势下黄土高原水土保持工程措施建设面临的问题、挑战。在此基础上提出今后黄土高原水土保持工程措施应加强维护和管理,提升应对极端气候事件和自然灾害的能力,面向国家生态文明建设和区域社会经济发展需求,统筹工程措施与植被措施,进行科学的设计与合理的时空配置,以维护黄土高原及黄河流域生态安全、维持和提升区域生态系统服务功能及社会经济效益。     

锅炉凝结水回收的经济效益分析及技术难点

范各庄社区服务中心生活科西锅炉房安装的六台蒸汽锅炉,供热能力为100吨/时,作为供热热媒的蒸汽采暖系统,目前普遍存在着凝结水回收率低,热源浪费严重的现象.本文通过研究凝结水回收的经济效益和凝结水回收中的技术难点,目的是为蒸汽锅炉房的运行管理和节支降耗提供技术支持和理论研究.     

混凝土薄壁池体爆破方法研究

本文针对薄壁池体,从爆破工程实际出发以减小爆破公害、提高爆破效率为目的,提出适合薄壁池体的爆破新方法--"水土压爆破".通过分析论证、同常规方法的对比,可知新方法对于薄壁池体是爆破技术领域的一大进步.     

常熟市饮用水安全问题研究

长期以来由于对水资源管理重视不够,常熟市出现水质型缺水和资源型缺水的问题。2001年开始,常熟市政府将解决城市饮用水安全问题的期望定位在长江,用长江水作为城市饮用水源。而近年来长江水污染问题呈现上升趋势。研究常熟市饮用水安全问题和长江水污染发展趋势问题,就是为了寻求切实可行的对策和办法,及时地应对和妥善解决常熟市饮用水安全问题。     

The influence of water depth on kinematic and spatiotemporal gait parameters during aquatic treadmill walking

The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic and spatiotemporal variables of aquatic treadmill walking at three different water depths. A total of 15 healthy individuals completed three two-minute walking trials at three different water depths. The aquatic treadmill walking was conducted at waist-depth, chest-depth and neck-depth, while a customised 3-D underwater motion analysis system captured their walking. Each participant’s self-selected walking speed at the waist level was used as a reference speed, which was applied to the remaining two test conditions. A repeated measures ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the three walking conditions in stride length, cadence, peak hip extension, hip range of motion (ROM), peak ankle plantar flexion and ankle ROM (All p values < 0.05). The participants walked with increased stride length and decreased cadence during neck level as compared to waist and chest level. They also showed increased ankle ROM and decreased hip ROM as the water depth rose from waist and chest to the neck level. However, our study found no significant difference between waist and chest level water in all variables. Hydrodynamics, such as buoyancy and drag force, in response to changes in water depths, can affect gait patterns during aquatic treadmill walking.