表观遗传修饰和代谢重编程对乳腺癌干细胞的调控

概乳腺癌已居我国女性恶性肿瘤死亡率首位。近来研究表明,乳腺肿瘤组织内有少量具有自我更新和分化潜能的肿瘤干细胞,这些肿瘤干细胞在乳腺癌发生、发展、转移及复发过程中起关键作用。深入研究乳腺癌干细胞的调控机制对乳腺癌的预防和治疗具有十分重要意义。本文综合近期的研究成果,概括了表观遗传修饰和代谢重编程对上皮间质转化及乳腺癌干细胞的调控机制,且系统地分析与总结了表观遗传修饰、代谢重编程、上皮间质转化和乳腺癌干细胞之间的相互关系。     

银杏叶总黄酮对人肝癌细胞增殖及Bcl-2基因mRNA水平的影响

目的探讨银杏叶总黄酮时体外培养的人肝癌细胞HepG2的增殖抑制作用及其对Bcl-2基因mRNA水平的影响。方法采用MTT法检测银杏叶总黄酮对HepG2细胞增殖的影响,提取Bcl-2基因的mRNA,以RT—PCR方法研究银杏叶总黄酮对Bcl-2基因表达的影响。结果银杏叶总黄酮使人HepG2细胞增殖率明显下降,且呈剂量依赖效应;Bcl-2基因mRNA水平随银杏叶总黄酮浓度升高而降低。结论银杏叶总黄酮对人He-pG2细胞增殖有抑制作用,并能下调癌基因Bcl-2的表达,从而起到抗肿瘤的治疗作用。     

联合应用抗精神病药物致恶性综合征1例分析

目的:了解抗精神病药物所致恶性综合征(NMS)的临床特征并探讨NMS发生的影响因素。方法:对某院1例恶性综合征患者病例资料进行分析并复习相关文献资料。结果:抗精神病药物所致NMS男多于女,青壮年居多,传统抗精神病药物与多种抗精神病药物联用、增加剂量过快是产生NMS的危险因素。结论:NMS病情凶险,死亡率高,临床上要认真评估抗精神病药物应用指征,综合考虑患者的个体素质、营养、躯体及精神征状等多种因素来选用抗精神病药物,使用中密切观察病人耐受性,缓慢增加药物剂量,特别是对精神发育迟滞患者、老年患者、有器质性病变及夏季应用吩噻嗪类药物的患者应仔细观察,减少危险因素,有效预防NMS。     

枇杷清肺饮加减对比抗菌类药物治疗寻常型痤疮的META-分析

目的:评价枇杷清肺饮加减对比抗菌类药物治疗寻常型痤疮的临床疗效。方法:检索维普资讯中文科技期刊数据库、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库,万方医学网数据库、Pubmed数据库。将符合纳入标准的5篇文献、495位患者的临床疗效进行Meta-分析。Meta-分析的软件为Cochrane协作网免费提供的Revman5.2专用软件。结果:对纳入的随机对照试验的有效数据进行异质性检验,X2=6.27,P=0.18,大于显著性检验水准0.05,故进行固定效应模型分析,结果 5篇文献的疗效评价及效应量OR=4.92,95%的CI为[2.72,8.92],效应合并值的假设检验:Z=5.25,P0.00001,提示枇杷清肺饮汤加减比抗菌类药物治疗寻常型痤疮的有效率高。对纳入的随机对照试验的治愈数据进行异质性检验,X2=5.78,P=0.22,大于显著性检验水准0.05,故进行固定效应模型分析,结果纳入文献的疗效评价及效应量OR=2.79,95%的CI为[1.87,4.17],效应合并值的假设检验:Z=5.01,P0.00001,提示枇杷清肺饮汤加减比抗菌类药物治疗寻常型痤疮的治愈率高。结论:现有资料的Meta-分析,治疗组及对照组在同等的治疗方案下,治疗组中加入枇杷清肺饮加减,对照组中加入单一一种抗菌类药物,治疗组可以显著提高治疗寻常型痤疮的有效率及治愈率。     

胃癌免疫治疗的临床研究分析

胃癌的免疫治疗是近年胃癌治疗的研究热点,传统的手术治疗和术后化疗对部分患者治疗效果欠佳,免疫治疗作为一种新的治疗与传统的治疗相配合,对于提高患者生存率和生存质量有着重要的意义。     

Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-2, −9, tissue inhibitor-1 of matrix metalloproteinase and CD44 variant 6 in head and neck cancer metastasis

This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism in tumor invasion and metastasis. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2, −9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitor-1 of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), cell adhesion molecule 44 variant 6 (CD44v6), HER2/neu and p53 was investigated in 154 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by ABC and ImmunoMax immunohistochemical method. Their clinical relevance and correlation were analysed. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, CD44v6, HER2/neu and p53 was found in cancer cells in 87.01%, 85.71%, 68.18%, 98.05%, 55.19% and 50.65% cases respectively. Linear regression and correlation analysis revealed that there was close positive relationship (P<0.05) between the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, TIMP-1 and CD44v6, HER2/neu and MMP-9, MMP-2 and p53. Up-regulation of MMP-2 was accompanied by advanced T stage (P<0.01). There was also a trend of MMP-2 expression being related with tumor metastasis. Increased expression of HER2/neu was found in patients with tumor recurrence (P<0.05). The expression of TIMP-1 was higher in laryngeal cancer than that in pharyngeal cancer, and higher in keratinizing and non-keratinizing SCC than that in basaloid SCC (P<0.05). These findings suggested that MMP-2 and MMP-9, HER2/neu and MMP-9, MMP-2 and p53 had a coordinate function in aggression of tumor; that MMP-2 had a more important function than MMP-9 in tumor invasion and metastasis; and that HER2/neu might serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in HNSCC. Project supported by Lübeck Medical University, Germany     

乳腺癌原代细胞培养及化疗药敏的研究

目的：通过对乳腺癌原代细胞培养。检测化疗药物对癌细胞的抑制率。探讨乳腺癌不同组织学类型、年龄及淋巴结转移情况对化疗药物的敏感性。方法：收集109例手术切除新鲜乳腺癌标本．进行原代细胞培养。采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测癌细胞对三组抗癌药物的敏感性。结果：乳腺癌的敏感率由高到低依次为CAF（33．0％）、TA（31．2％）和CMF（26．6％）。无论年龄、组织学类型及是否有淋巴结转移各组间比较其敏感性均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：1．MTT法对乳腺癌治疗时选择化疗药物具有重要价值;2．乳腺癌细胞对CAF、TA、CMF敏感。     

Chlorella vulgaris triggers apoptosis in hepatocarcinogenesis-induced rats

Chlorella vulgaris (CV) has been reported to have antioxidant and anticancer properties. We evaluated the effect of CV on apoptotic regulator protein expression in liver cancer-induced rats. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided into eight groups: control group (normal diet), CDE group (choline deficient diet supplemented with ethionine in drinking water to induce hepatocarcinogenesis), CV groups with three different doses of CV (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight), and CDE groups treated with different doses of CV (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight). Rats were sacrificed at various weeks and liver tissues were embedded in paraffin blocks for immunohistochemistry studies. CV, at increasing doses, decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, but increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein, caspase 8, in CDE rats, which was correlated with decreased hepatoctyes proliferation and increased apoptosis as determined by bromodeoxy-uridine (BrdU) labeling and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Our study shows that CV has definite chemopreventive effect by inducing apoptosis via decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 and increasing the expression of caspase 8 in hepatocarcinogenesis-induced rats.     

运动预防肿瘤发生机制的研究进展

许多流行病学的研究都显示运动能减少肿瘤发生的风险.虽然其作用机理并不完全清楚,但是运动可能通过影响性激素、胰岛素及胰岛素样生长因子的分泌,调整免疫,增加自由基的清除,改变体脂的组成及直接抑制肿瘤等方式发挥作用.体育工作者在肿瘤的预防中起着重要的作用.     

某医院眼科2018-2019年Ⅰ类切口预防性使用抗菌药物调查分析

[目的]观察和分析眼科Ⅰ类切口围手术期预防使用抗菌药物的情况,为制定抗菌药物相关的管理制度提供相应的依据,进一步促进医生合理使用抗生素。[方法]采用回顾性的调查方法,选取2018年1月至2019年12月眼科Ⅰ类切口围手术期病例作为观察、分析的群体。采用随机的选择原则,每月选择5%眼科出院病人数,统计全身和局部抗生素的使用情况。[结果]眼科围手术期入选病例127例,共有29类眼科手术。全身预防性使用抗菌药物7例(5.51%),头孢呋辛选用率最高。给药途径包括静脉给药(6例)和口服给药(1例)。局部预防使用抗菌药物120例(94.49%),庆大霉素31例(24.41%),万古霉素14例(11.02%),红霉素27例(21.26%)。红霉素为点眼置于结膜囊,万古霉素和庆大霉素主要为冲洗。[结论]该医院眼科Ⅰ类切口围手术期患者使用抗生素预防感染以局部为主。不合理用药主要包括无需全身用药、药物品种选择不当、首次给药时机不适宜、用药疗程过长、无依据交替换药等问题,有待进一步规范。