新药研发发展态势分析

新药研发是医药创新发展的关键环节,是新一轮生命科技革命和生物经济变革的核心领域,对引领科技创新、带动经济发展、提升人民健康福祉具有战略意义。当前,前沿技术不断革新、学科跨域融合、数字深度赋能驱动新药研发领域创新日趋活跃,国内外创新性小分子药物、抗体药物、免疫细胞治疗、基因治疗与核酸药物等密集获批上市,为未满足的临床需求提供更多选择。文章深入分析新药研发领域发展趋势、全球新药批准情况,以及我国新药研发发展现状与态势,提出发展启示与建议,以期为新药研发领域发展提供参考。     

Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells

Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC₇₁BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.     

Making American Friends: The Effects of Musical Tastes and English Proficiency on Chinese International Students’ Social Networks in the United States

This study investigated the relationship between Chinese international students’ social networks in the United States and their musical tastes. Based on concept of homophily, this study used a self-reported Social Network Analysis (SNA) survey to examine whether sharing similar musical tastes affected Chinese international students’ relationship, their musical tastes, and music consumption. The results showed that having high musical taste similarity predicted closer relationship between respondents and their alters, and higher likelihood of new music consumption. This study also found that frequent American English-language songs listeners were more likely to have Americans in their social network than less-frequent American English-language songs listeners.     

Injectable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold as rapid stem cell assembly template for cartilage repair

Cartilage injuries are often devastating and most cannot be cured because of the intrinsically low regenerative capacity of cartilage tissues. Although stem-cell therapy has shown enormous potential for cartilage repair, the therapeutic outcome has been restricted by low survival rates and poor chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we report an injectable hybrid inorganic (IHI) nanoscaffold that facilitates fast assembly, enhances survival and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. IHI nanoscaffolds that strongly bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins assemble stem cells through synergistic 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, creating a favorable physical microenvironment for stem-cell survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, chondrogenic factors can be loaded into nanoscaffolds with a high capacity, which allows deep, homogenous drug delivery into assembled 3D stem-cell-derived tissues for effective control over the soluble microenvironment of stem cells. The developed IHI nanoscaffolds that assemble with stem cells are injectable. They also scavenge reactive oxygen species and timely biodegrade for proper integration into injured cartilage tissues. Implantation of stem-cell-assembled IHI nanoscaffolds into injured cartilage results in accelerated tissue regeneration and functional recovery. By establishing our IHI nanoscaffold-templated 3D stem-cell assembly method, we provide a promising approach to better overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment associated with cartilage injuries and to advance current stem-cell-based tissue engineering.     

交流可见度视角下在线知识共享网络用户认知和情感研究

[目的/意义]探索不同交流可见度环境对在线知识共享网络用户认知和情感的影响,旨在推动知识共享和知识创新实践。[方法/过程]利用质性研究方法开展研究,先设计了访谈提纲,然后利用访谈法搜集数据,再利用主题分析法分析数据。[结果/结论]分析了匿名环境和实名环境对用户认知和情感的影响,识别了7个主题;分析了即时交流环境和非即时交流环境对用户认知和情感的影响,识别了5个主题;分析了一对一、多对多、大众传播、一对多交流可见度环境对用户认知和情感的影响,识别了7个主题;分析了知识搜寻行为可见/不可见的交流环境对用户认知和情感的影响,识别了4个主题。文章为在线知识共享网络用户研究提供了新视角。     

固体氧化物燃料电池的现状与发展

固体氧化物燃料电池是将燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能的电化学装置，具有高效率、零污 染、无噪声等特点。它可以为民用、商业、军事和交通运输等提供高质量的电源。这一技术 的成功应用对于缓解能源危机、满足对电力数量和质量的需求、保护生态环境和国家安全都 具有重大的意义。本文简略地介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池及其现状和存在的问题，并就作者 的观点提出了值得深入研究的课题。     

混沌时间序列单变量和多变量重构的预测比较

提出了多变量混沌时间序列相空间延迟重构中延迟时间间隔和嵌入维数的选取方法，给出了多变量混沌时间序列的局部平均预测法，局部线性预测法和BP神经网络预测法等3种非线性预测方法．通过Lorenz系统的仿真计算表明，无论用3种非线性预测方法中的哪一种，多变量混沌时间序列要比单变量混沌时间序列的预测误差小得多，即使前的数据长度只有后的一半，前的预测误差也要小很多．另外从预测误差最小的角度验证了多变量混沌时间序列相空间延迟重构中延迟时间间隔和嵌入维数选取方法的有效性．     

我国瓜类细胞工程研究进展

综述了我国瓜类细胞工程,包括组织、器官、细胞和原生质体培养及体细胞突变体筛选、转基因等领域的研究进展及其在育种中的应用,指出了目前该研究领域存在的问题和今后的研究方向。认为应建立和完善各种瓜类,特别是我国特产瓜类的离体培养体系,加强瓜类细胞工程及其实用化研究,如抗性突变体离体筛选研究、瓜类小孢子培养及未受精子房培养研究等,以创造优异种质资源,提高育种效率,服务于瓜类育种实践。     

从文献统计分析看诱导多能干细胞的研究

诱导多能干细胞是近年来干细胞研究的焦点,本文基于pubmed数据库,通过对诱导多能干细胞的文献检索,利用TDA及spss软件,对诱导多能干细胞的文献进行年代分布、重要来源期刊、多产作者及研究热点的统计分析,旨在探讨ips的研究现状及其发展态势。     

氢能与燃料电池发展现状及展望

氢是一种洁净的二次能源载体,氢燃料电池具有能量转化率高、噪音低以及零排放等优点。氢气是连接可再生能源与传统化石能源的桥梁,通过氢能与燃料电池,可以实现未来洁净能源利用变革的愿景。世界主要发达国家都非常重视氢能的发展。目前,氢能和燃料电池已在部分领域中初步实现商业化。氢能燃料电池和燃料电池车的研究和商业化发展在日本、美国和欧洲较为迅速,他们不断在氢气生产、氢气储存和氢气利用方面进行创新。在氢能和燃料电池方面,中国紧跟世界发达国家的脚步,然而国内氢能和燃料电池产业链的不完善导致电池成本较高。因此,要加强关键材料研究,实现核心材料和部件的工业化和本土化,建立生产线,尽快完成产业链。中国已经在氢能和燃料电池产业链中部署了整车、系统和电堆,但燃料电池零部件的相关公司仍然很少,尤其是基本关键材料和部件,如质子交换膜、碳纸、催化剂、空气压缩机、氢气循环泵等。虽然国内公司已经开始涉及,但与国际先进产品相比,在可靠性和耐用性方面仍然存在很大差距,大多数关键组件仍然依赖进口。此外,氢气生产和运输的高成本、加氢站等基础设施的不完善,以及技术标准、检测体系的不健全,都限制了燃料电池车的发展。我国燃料电池汽车发展路径要通过商用车带动加氢站建设,降低氢气与燃料电池成本;发展氢燃料电池汽车产业集群,促进全产业链发展。在保障措施与政策需求方面,需要加强顶层设计,全面规划氢能燃料电池发展途径;加强研发投入,确保核心技术自主可控;统筹产业布局,引导产业链协调发展;加强标准制定,支撑技术进步与产业发展。文章分析了国内外氢能产业链结构以及氢燃料电池的发展现状,从产业化和技术两方面分析了国内氢能与燃料电池的发展现状及问题,并结合技术与产业特点提出了发展氢能与燃料电池的对策建议,对我国氢能与燃料电池的发展作出了展望。