我国学校委托管理与美国特许学校之比较研究

美国的特许学校与我国的委托管理都是在公立学校改革过程中出现的新型管理方式,两者在背景因素、主体因素、管理方式等方面既有相同之处,也有不同之处。本文试图通过比较研究,辨析出美国特许学校和我国学校委托管理的特点,并且借鉴特许学校的优点,从法律、中介组织、绩效责任体制、管理自由度等方面,为我国学校委托管理进一步的发展提出建议。     

大学章程中教师学术权利规范的分析与建构 ——基于我国41所大学章程文本的比较研究

教师学术权利在大学章程中具有重要地位,不仅是大学章程建构的逻辑起点和价值重心,而且是大学章程的终极追求。不同大学章程中关于教师学术权利的规范,在形式和内容上既有一致性也有差异性,所以我们需要相互借鉴,取长补短,丰富和发展教师学术权利规范体系。在大学章程的修订完善中,应以大学理念和法治要义为指导,进一步强化学术权利的地位,丰富学术权利的内容,完善学术权利的制度、组织和程序保障,健全学术权利的救济机制,使大学章程真正成为教师学术权利保障的利器。     

New forms of government school provision – an international comparison

Driven by a desire to improve academic outcomes and transform ‘failing’ schools, governments around the world have often turned to the development of new forms of state-funded school. This paper looks at three such instances of the introduction of new forms of schooling, within three urban localities (academy schools in London; charter schools and small schools of choice in New York City; and Schools of Tomorrow in Rio de Janeiro). It considers the extent to which these types of school did improve academic outcomes for their students and draws comparisons across each case study in order to understand their similarities and differences. It concludes that although the quasi-marketisation of school systems through the introduction of new (often private) providers might improve outcomes, this is not the only means by which improvement can be attained; and that instead the introduction of new forms of school may be successful because this enables certain other changes to happen. It highlights the limited nature of impact evidence available in all instances, which restricts our ability to properly evaluate the effect of new school types on outcomes.     

How Integration Matters: An Alternative Vision for Urban Education in an Era of the Market

ABSTRACT

The widespread assumption in the United States today is that traditional urban public schools are failing. Market-based solutions, particularly charter schools, are seen as the way to improve urban education. How then can we understand a large urban district where educational actors have furthered a locally popular alternative vision? This article analyzes the comparison of Indianapolis, IN and Louisville, KY to demonstrate how four-decades-old desegregation orders continue to matter for the perceptions of urban school districts. The analysis shows how actors in Louisville utilized more favorable perceptions to fight for a compelling alternative narrative–integration–and against charter schools.     

Instructional Investment or Administrative Bloat: The Effects of Charter System Conversion on Resource Allocations and Staffing Patterns

Despite the growing call for local autonomy and flexibility, few scholars have examined the role of school district–level flexibility on resource allocation and staffing patterns. Leveraging the charter system law within the State of Georgia, we utilize a generalized difference-in-differences approach to estimate the impact of flexibility of system-level expenditures and staffing changes. We find evidence of increases in central office spending and staffing post-conversion to a charter system. In addition, we find evidence that local support is replaced by the state-funded supplemental funding.     

Equal Access? Analyzing Charter Location Relative to Demographics in Ohio

We analyze the geographical distribution of, and access to, charter schools in the state of Ohio. Using poverty and race data from the U.S. Census, as well as publicly available student achievement scores, we analyze the locational preferences of charter schools. We use Geographic Information System (GIS) to visual display charter school locations relative to these community variables. Results suggest that policies limiting charters to locate in low performing school districts (labeled “challenged districts”) lead charters to cluster in urban cities; thus students living in poverty in large portions of the state lack easy access to school choice options. Further, we find that charters tend to avoid areas of the highest concentrations of poverty and Hispanic (though not Black) students.     

Latinx students’ experiences with college access and preparation at college preparatory charter schools

Charter schools that target underserved communities, including Latinxs, have proliferated in the U.S., claiming a unique, more autonomous and successful alternative to traditional public schools, often with a promise of increased postsecondary access and preparation. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding their effectiveness on academic outcomes, prompting additional research on charter schools. This study examined the college access and preparation experiences of 14 Latinxs attending college preparatory charter schools within one school system in Texas. Findings highlight how schools assisted students in preparing for college, but challenges in accessing college knowledge and assistance still existed, particularly for undocumented students.     

大学转型与大学章程建设

我国大学正从印刷文化向电子文化转型、从创造知识向应用知识转型、从学科向跨学科转型、从知性到德性转型。大学转型主要是通过不断变革其理念与制度以实现转型合法化,大学章程是大学理念与制度的载体,建设大学章程以凝铸电子文化时代理念、强调"应用性"价值、重构跨学科逻辑制度框架、融德性于制度设计,从而有助于大学实现科学转型。     

美国择校制度对我国择校现象的启示——以特许学校为例

美国择校制度产生至今已有三十年了,其成果是显而易见的,文章通过追溯美国择校制度从无到有的发展,以特许学校为例,从微观角度去看美国择校制度在现实生活中是如何发展前进的,试图从中找到一些经验和方法能为我国所用。希望不仅能对处理我国择校现象有所帮助,而且对我国基础教育改革有所参考。     

“No Excuses” in New Orleans: The Silent Passivity of Neoliberal Schooling

Abstract

Drawing on ethnographic data, this article critically analyzes pedagogy in “no excuses” charter schools in New Orleans. Employing Ladson-Billings's framework for culturally relevant pedagogy, the author describes the level of academic rigor, cultural competence, and critical consciousness development across classrooms. This study provides empirical evidence that within a market-based system, the purpose of schooling shifts toward the production of assessment data at the expense of culturally relevant practices.