Developing a geographic search filter to identify randomised controlled trials in Africa: finding the optimal balance between sensitivity and precision

Background: Research on identifying trials using geographic filters is limited. Objectives:  To test the sensitivity and precision of a filter to identify African randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We searched medline and embase for RCTs published in 2004 using a Cochrane filter for RCTs. The search was limited to HIV/AIDS but irrespective of location. Two investigators independently identified African RCTs from the retrieved records forming a reference set. We then repeated the search using an African geographic filter comprising country and regional terms forming the filter set. We compared the sensitivity and precision of the sets. Results: The medline reference set comprised 1799 records with 23 African RCTs; for embase , the reference set comprised 763 records with 37 African RCTs. The medline filter set comprised 180 records with 17 African RCTs; the embase filter set comprised 98 records with 27 African RCTs. Sensitivity of the filter was 74% (medline ) and 73% (embase ). Addition of the filter improved precision from 1.3% to 9.4% (medline ) and from 5% to 28% (embase ). Conclusion: The African filter improved precision with some loss in sensitivity. Incomplete reporting of trial location in electronic bibliographic records restricts efficiency of geographic filters. Prospective trial registration should alleviate this.     

临床医学图书馆员制度及其在我国实施的建议

简要介绍了国内外临床医学图书馆员（CML）制度的实施情况,探讨了医院图书馆实施临床医学图书馆员制度及临床医学图书馆员开展学科化服务的方式。     

《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》2005-2016年发表的临床研究论文伦理问题的调查及分析

对《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》2005-2016年刊出的457篇临床研究论文的伦理批准和知情同意情况进行统计分析.结果发现,获得伦理委员会批准的总的比例为17.3％,获得知情同意总的比例为26.0％,既获得伦理委员会批准又获得知情同意的论文比例为12.9％.提出加强医学研究的伦理审查、提高医学论文伦理水平的建议.     

提升指南/共识报告质量 推进医学期刊高质量发展

临床实践指南(简称指南)和专家共识(简称共识)作为医疗实践的重要指导性文件,可以规范医务人员的诊疗行为,提升医疗服务质量、降低医疗成本,是医务人员进行决策的准则和依据。指南/共识的规范化报告有助于提升其学术质量、权威性和透明性,可以促进其有效传播与实施,因此提升指南/共识报告质量具有重要现实意义。本文分析了目前我国医学科技期刊指南/共识的报告现状及存在问题,并从出台相关政策、开展培训、宣传推广等方面提出相应建议与对策,以期为提升我国指南/共识报告质量提供思路,推进医学期刊高质量发展。     

手法复位加针灸理疗对运动中膝关节骨错缝23例疗效观察

观察手法复位加针灸理疗对运动中膝关节骨错缝的临床疗效。43例患者随机分为两组,治疗组(23例)采用手法复位加针灸理疗治疗;对照组(20例)采用中医常规疗法;4次为一疗程,疗程内治愈不重复治疗。得出结论,手法复位加针灸理疗对运动中膝关节骨错缝有显著性疗效,值得推广运用。     

Child maltreatment in rural southern counties: Another perspective on race,poverty and child welfare

Building on research that has identified community characteristics associated with child maltreatment, this study investigates the adequacy and equity of the child welfare response at the county level. The study focuses on states in the U.S. south with demographic characteristics that make it possible to disentangle county racial composition from county rurality. County-level child maltreatment data were merged with data from the U.S. Census and other publicly-available sources for the 354 counties in four southern states. Results from multiple regression models indicated that, despite a greater preponderance of risk factors typically associated with child maltreatment, rural, majority African-American counties had lower rates of reported and substantiated child maltreatment compared to other southern counties. Cross-sectional results were consistent across three years: 2012, 2013, and 2014. The findings suggest that children and families in rural, majority African-American counties in the South may not be receiving adequate or equitable responses from the formal child welfare system.     

医疗体操配合推拿对神经根型颈椎病治疗前后血液流变学观察

为了在医疗体操配合推拿治疗神经根型颈椎病前后,观察血液流变变化,对采用医疗体操、推拿治疗前后的21例神经根型患者,进行治疗前后的血液流变学指标测定.结果表明:治疗后患者全血粘度、血液浓度及血细胞聚集性较治疗前均有明显的改善(P＜0.001或P＜0.05).认为医疗体操配合推拿可显著改善患者全血粘度、血液浓度及血细胞聚集性,具有明显的活血化瘀作用.     

诊所法律教育本土化亟待解决的若干问题

诊所法律教育模式在我国落地生根并不断与我国法学教育方式相互融合,成为我国法学教育改革的一个亮点.但诊所法律教育的理念还亟待普及、法律诊所的经费和师资匮乏需要解决、诊所案源需要拓展、诊所学生的准律师身份有待明确,同时法律诊所亦需加强对学生的法律职业伦理教育.     

基于国际临床指南引用论文的中国研究影响力评价——以呼吸病学为例

[目的/意义]学术成果被国际临床指南引用,作为追踪学术成果应用到临床实践的一种重要指标,已用于多个国家科技评价中衡量医学研究影响力。但我国尚未有研究探讨医学领域研究成果被临床指南引用情况及论文特征。[方法/过程]本研究以呼吸病学领域为例,采用专家咨询法确定国际临床指南,通过背对背方式对论文被指南引用性质和研究类型进行注释,应用文献计量法对引用情感、引用论文的年龄、研究类型等被引论文特征进行分析。[局限]本研究仅分析了成功被临床指南引用的论文,而已经发表的与分析指南所涵盖的主题潜在相关但未在临床指南中引用的论文数量尚未得知。[结果/结论]结果发现临床指南引用的论文知识周期中值时间为4年,93.55%为临床研究,100%为正面引用和中性引用,13.86%发表在影响因子在10分以上的期刊,51.49%被基金资助,63.89%为国内合作。本研究所揭示的指南引用论文特征将为提高我国临床医学研究影响力提供一定的参考依据。     

Supervision experiences of trans/gender expansive counselors-in-training: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Clinical supervisors should be culturally competent working with transgender or gender expansive (TGE) counselors-in-training; however, minimal research exists regarding TGE counselors’ experiences in supervision. This interpretative phenomenological analysis study explored the supervision experiences of five TGE counselors-in-training. Findings revealed four super-ordinate themes and two sub-themes, and implications are discussed.